chapter 4 notes section 1. settlement in jamestown zlondon co. advertised virginia giving it praise...
TRANSCRIPT
Chapter 4 Notes
Section 1
Settlement in Jamestown
London co. advertised Virginia giving it praise to attract settlers
This attracted poor English people & adventurers
Founded in 1607 along the James River Settlers were not skilled to start a new
settlement. John Smith provided great leadership, and
improved living conditions, this saved lives
The Powhatan Confederacy
Was an alliance of Algonquian IndiansIndians would bring food & teach settlers
how to grow cornSome settlers would steal from Indians
howeverJohn Rolfe began planting Tobacco in
Virginia for export to England ($)People could own their own land
attracted settlers
War in Virginia
Rolfe married Algonquian princess, PocahontasThis helped peacefulness between the two groups
Pocahontas died in 1617, then her father year later
English settlers wanted to grow tobacco on Indians land, this led to 20 years of fighting
End result was the colony would be controlled by the English government
Daily Life in Virginia
Most settlers were wealthy enough to pay their own way to the Americas
This allowed them to receive 50 acres of landThis is known as the headright system
Owners could get 50 acres for each additional person brought overThis lead to plantations
Labor in Virginia
Due to a high # of deaths labor workers were in demand for plantationsSo Indentured servants were hired
These people would work off their payment for a plantation owner paying their way to America
A typical indentured contract was 4-7 yrs
Some Africans that came to Virginia were slaves or indentured servantsThey worked along side white servantsSome black servants became wealthy
farmersMore servants then slaves at first
Demand for labor grew, people did not want to work in terrible conditions so slavery became more popular then indentured servants
Bacon’s Rebellion
Settlers did not like the conditions In Virginia. Taxes were to high & there was not enough land to farm
Settlers began farming Indians landBroke governments treaty with Indians
Nathaniel Bacon led revolt against governor
Indians no longer trusted colonist
QuickTime™ and aSorenson Video 3 decompressorare needed to see this picture.
Pilgrim’s Experience
Section 2
Puritans and PilgrimsPilgrims were a
religious group who wanted out of England for having different religious beliefs
If they stayed in England they would be punished
The Founding of Plymouth In 1620 Pilgrims came to
America on the MayflowerThe Mayflower Compact was
written agreement among the first pilgrims on the MayflowerIt was meant to protect the
“general good”
This was the first attempt for a self government system
Pilgrims & American IndiansPilgrims met an Indian named Squanto
He taught them how to plant corn, where to catch fish, how to fertilize fields, gather other goods
After the pilgrims were settled they invited a nearby tribe, Wampanoag, for a feastThis feast was the 1st Thanksgiving to thank
godThe Pilgrims brought wild turkeysThe feast lasted for 3 days
The Pilgrim Community
Pilgrims settlement still struggled and traded with the Indians to get by
MenBuilt shelters, worked in fields, chopped wood,
repaired toolsWomen
Cooked, spun wool, sewed clothing, made soap, butter, & cared for livestock
Had more rights ten in England, they could own land & sign contracts
The New England Colonies
Section 3
The Massachusetts Bay Colony
Economic problems and religious issues in England led to the Great Migration to New England
Many of these people were Puritans
Puritans had many supplies and few problems with climate & diseases in Mass.
Church & State in New England
A general court was used to govern the new puritan colonyIt had 2 groups, needing majority
votes to pass lawsGovernment leaders were
church membersOnly male church members
could vote, New citizens had to prove their
faith in god
Daily Life and Customs
Puritans lives revolved around religion, family, and public work
Most farms were substance farmingWomen had 3 duties; obey husband,
have kids, run the houseSchool was very important to all
puritans…so kids could read the bible
Dissent in Massachusetts
Minister Roger Williams led the dissenters, & started Rhode Island because Indians were treated unfairly
Some Puritans thought God talked directly to them
The Salem Witch Trials
Worst problem in New England were the Salem Witch Trials Occurred in 1692
Young girls falsely accused other women of talking w/the devil
These “witches” were put to death A year later many people of the
convicting court regretted this
Salem Witch Trials, 1692
An example of a death warrant:(Death Warrant for Sarah Good, Rebecca Nurse, Susannah Martin, Elizabeth Howe, and Sarah Wilds)
To Goerge: Corwine Gent'n High Sheriff of the county of Essex
Whereas Sarah Good Wife of William Good of Salem Village Rebecka Nurse wife of Francis Nurse of Salem Village Susanna Martin of Amesbury Widow Elizabeth How wife of James How of Ipswich Sarah Wild wife of John Wild of Topsfield all of the County of Essex in thier Maj'ts Province of the Massachusetts Bay in New England Att A Court of Oyer & Terminer held by Adjournment for Our Severaign Lord & Lady Kind Wiliam & Queen Mary for the said County of Essex at Salem in the s'd County onf the 29th day of June [torn] were Severaly arrigned on Several Indictments for the horrible Crime of Witchcraft by them practised & Committed On Severall persons and pleading not guilty did for thier Tryall put themselves on God & Thier Countrey whereupon they were Each of them found & brought in Guilty by the Jury that passed On them according to their respective Indictments and Sentence of death did then pass upon them as the Law directs Execution whereof yet remains to be done: Those are Therefore in thier Maj'ties name William & Mary now King & Queen over England &ca: to will & Command you that upon Tuesday next being the 19th day for [torn] Instant July between the houres of Eight & [torn] in [torn] forenoon the same day you Safely conduct the s'd Sarah Good Rebecka Nurse Susann Martin Elizabeth Howe & Sarah Wild From thier Maj'ties goal in Salem afores'd to the place of Execution & there Cause them & Every of them to be hanged by the Neck untill they be dead and of the doings herein make return to the Clerke of the said Court & this precept and hereof you are not to fail at your perill and this Shall be your sufficient Warrant given under my hand & seale at Boston th 12't day of July in the fourth year of Reign of our Soveraigne Lord & Layd Wm & Mary King and Queen &ca:
*Wm Stoughton
Annoq Dom. 1692
(Reverse)
Salem July 19th 1692
I caused the within mentioned persons to be Executed according to the Tenour of the with[in] warrant
*George Corwin Sherif
The Southern & Middle Colonies
Section 4
Tolerant MarylandMany Catholics came to Americas
for religious freedomThey formed Maryland colony
Settlers learned from Jamestown's mistakes
Passed Toleration act of 1649Law protecting freedom of religion
The CarolinasCarolina was given to 8 of King Charles
II supportersIn 1712 Carolina was split in two for
better governmental controlMany Caribbean settlers moved to
South Carolina (SC)Bringing thousands of slaves
Rice was the cash crop in SCThe British government bought SC in
1719 & NC in 1729
Carolinas
Diversity in NY & NJ
The New Netherlands were controlled by the Dutch until 1647 when England defeated the Dutch with out a shotThe new name was New York & New Jersey
Population was made of many religious groups and many ethnic groups; Dutch, Swede, Scots, Fins, English
These areas had fur trade & grew wheat
New York/New Jersey
The Pennsylvania Experiment
William Penn started Pennsylvania for QuakersQuakers have simple items, don’t
believe in violencePA also accepted other Christians
Penn named the capital of PA Philadelphia “The City of Brotherly Love”
Pennsylvania stuff
The Ideal of Georgia
Georgia was founded by James Oglethorpe for poor English citizens & other European settlers
He wanted a colony with no plantations controlled by a few wealthy peopleTo stop this he outlawed slavery and
owning large pieces of land20 years later people complained enough
and Georgia became a royal colony with large rice plantations
Georgia