Increases sexual comfort

Monitor for changes related to health concerns

Myths and negative attitudes

Menarche (MEH-nar-kee) Initial onset Age 11-15 Related to heredity, health, altitude (earlier in lower

altitudes)

Premenstrual syndrome Premenstrual Dysphoric Disorder

5% of women Symptoms bad; disrupt woman’s functioning

Dysmenorrhea (dis-meh-nuh-REE-uh)painful menses

Amenorrhea = no mensesEither at puberty or due to low fat

Self-help for menstrual symptomsExerciseSexDiet

Toxic shock syndromeFever, sore throat, nausea, vomiting, dizzinessDiva Cup or pads

Climacteric (kli-MAK-tuh-rik)Physiological changes during transition period of

fertility to infertility, slowing estrogen production Around 40 years old

Peri-menopauseTime before menopause Irregular

MenopausePermanent cessation of menstruation

Symptoms vary from mild to strong Hot flashes or warm spells Night sweats, interrupted sleep Headaches, poor concentration Depression, anxiety Can take hormones, review page 97

Urinary tract infections bacterial enters vaginaWipe front to back

Vaginal infectionsReview page 99 for prevention tips

Diet, good hygiene, lubrication

Pap smear screens for cervical cancer Few cells removed with brush Not painful, few nerves on cervix

Hysterectomy Surgical removal of uterusMost frequently performed U.S. operationMore frequently performed on low income, less educated

womenNon-surgical options

Oophorectomy (oh-uh-fuh-REK-tuh-mee) Surgical removal of the ovaries, (or also uterus) 40% cancer of survival for 5 years because hard to detect

Secondary sex characteristics Mammary glands produce milk Areola is darker area Nipple is in center of areola & has openings for

milk Depression, anxiety due to social factors

Breast cancer Treatments

Mastectomy, chemo, hormone, radiation Risk factors

African Americans tend to have more-advanced breast cancer prior to detection

Lower income, lack of health-care Page 106, Chart

Reconstructive breast surgery