chapter 4 (1) the world of numbers. chapter 4 the world of numbers 2 123 2342 63% 0.45 6.01 4.1°...

Chapter 4 (1) The world of numbers

chapter 4 The world of numbers

2

123

2342

63%

0.45

6.01

4.1°

2.7%

2012

1/6

3/7

123

2342

63%

0.45

6.01

4.1°

2.7%

2012

1/6

3/7

one hundred and twenty-three

two thousand three hundred and forty-two

sixty-three percent

zero point four five

six point o one

four point one degree

two point seven percent

two thousand and twelve / two o one two

one sixth

three sevenths

3

ordinalordinal numbersnumbers

cardinalcardinal numbersnumbers

odd numbers odd numbers

even numbers even numbers

decimal numbersdecimal numbers

fractions fractions

percentage percentage

degree degree

decimal degreedecimal degree

80492/60.75

172.66

$7575%1/80.75

33

56 656690°

1/9

2565/2881

1.8%

18%

sixtieth

15,000

Please tell me what number it is or they are as quickly as you can

＋ — × ÷

5

3+5 = 8 3+5 = 8 3 plus 5 is 8.3 plus 5 is 8. 5 added to 35 added to 3 isis (equal (equalss) 8 ) 8 Add 3 and 5, Add 3 and 5, and and you can get 8.you can get 8. IfIf you add 3 and 5, you can get 8. you add 3 and 5, you can get 8.

15 + 16 = 31 7 + 5 = 12 15 + 16 = 31 7 + 5 = 12 Q: How to say “4 + 12 =?”Q: How to say “4 + 12 =?” What is 4 plus 12?What is 4 plus 12? How much is 4 plus 12?How much is 4 plus 12? 9 + 10 = ? 12 + 14 = ?9 + 10 = ? 12 + 14 = ?

6

12 – 3 = 912 – 3 = 9

12 minus 3 is (equal12 minus 3 is (equalss ) 9. ) 9. 3 subtract3 subtracteded fromfrom 12 is (euqal 12 is (euqalss) ) 9.9.

Subtract 3 from 12, Subtract 3 from 12, andand you can get 9. you can get 9.

If If you subtract 3 from 12 , you can get you subtract 3 from 12 , you can get 9. 9.

2-2=0 15-3=122-2=0 15-3=12 28-12=16 44-8=3628-12=16 44-8=36

Q: How to say “5 - 2 =?”Q: How to say “5 - 2 =?”

WhatWhat is 5 minus 2? is 5 minus 2?

How much is 5 minus 2 ? How much is 5 minus 2 ? 52-14=? 17-4=?52-14=? 17-4=?

7

2×3= 6 2×3= 6 2 times 3 2 times 3 isis (equal (equalss ) six. ) six.Two multiplTwo multipliedied by 3 by 3 isis (equal (equalss) 6) 6Multiply 2 Multiply 2 byby 3, 3, andand you can get 6. you can get 6.If you multiply 2 by 3, you can get 6. If you multiply 2 by 3, you can get 6. 10 × 4 = 40 5 × 3 = 1510 × 4 = 40 5 × 3 = 15

How to say : 4× 5 =? How to say : 4× 5 =? What is 4 times 5?What is 4 times 5?How much is 4 times 5? How much is 4 times 5? 25 × 4 = ? 15 × 7 = ?25 × 4 = ? 15 × 7 = ?


8

30÷ 6 = 530 divided by 6 is (equals) 5.If you divide 30 by 6, the answer is 5. you can get 5. Divide 30 by 6 , and you will get 5. 20 ÷ 2 = 10 18 ÷ 3 = 6 How to say: “25 ÷ 5 =?” What is “25 divided by 5?”How much is “25 divided by 5?”100 ÷10 =? 35 ÷ 7 =?

Chapter 4 (2) The world of numbers

Read the following words aloud

ancient

count

system

consist of

Indian

invent

develop

calculate

abacus

bead

electronic

add/plus

minus/subtract

古老的

计算

系统

由…构成

印度的；印度人

发明；创造

发展

计算；估算

算盘

有孔的珠子

电子的

加

减

multiply / times

divide

percentage

square root

in a flash

stand for

separately

instruction

accurate

international

decision

乘，使相乘某数除以某数，除以百分比，百分率平方根一瞬间代表分别地指导，指令准确无误的，精确的国际的决定（ n. ）

＋ — × ÷

12+13= ? Q: What is 12 plus 13? How much is 12 plus 13? How much is 12 added to 13? A: 12 plus 13 is 25. Add 12 to 13, you can get 25. If you add 12 to 13, you’ll get 25. Adding 12 to 13 is (equals) 25. 12 added to 13 is (equals) 25

52-14=? Q: What is 52minus 14? How much is 14 subtracted from 52? A: 52 minus 14 is ( equals) 38.) Subtract 14 from 52 , and you can get 38. If you subtract 14 from 52 , you will get 38. Subtracting 14 from 52 is 38. 14 subtracted from 52 is 38.

35 ÷ 7 =? Q: How much is 35 divided by 7 ?

What is 35 divided by 7 ? A: 35 divided by 7 is 5.

Divide 35 by 7 , and you can get 5 . If you divide 35 by 7, you will get 5. Dividing 35 by 7 is 5.

10 × 4 = ? Q: How much is 10 times 4? What’s 10 times 4? A: Ten times four is 40. Multiply 10 by 4 , and you can get 40. If you multiply 10 by 4 , you will get 40. Multiplying 10 by 4 is 40. 10 multiplied by 4 is 40.


16

plus (+)plus (+)

addadd (+)

minus (-)minus (-)

subtractsubtract (-)

multiply (x)multiply (x)

timestimes (x)

divide (divide (÷÷ ) )

equalequalss (=) (=)

is (=)is (=)

72+272

105 – 22

10000x3.6

1440÷12

0.92x18.18

0.504÷0.12

=344

=83

=36000

=120

=16.7256

=4.2

Numbers :Numbers :Everyone’s Everyone’s languagelanguage

245×619÷35245×619÷35 －－ 891891 ＋＋ 521= 521= ？？

Can you calculate it in a flash?Can you calculate it in a flash?

No, we can’t. No, we can’t.

But we can do it by using But we can do it by using

calculating machinescalculating machines

How many languages do How many languages do you know? Everyone you know? Everyone knows knows at leastat least two – two – his or her own languagehis or her own language and the and the international international language of numbers.language of numbers.

Numbers: everyone’s languageNumbers: everyone’s language

（他或她自己的语言）

at least : not less than


21

Ancient numbers In ancient times,

people wrote numbers in many different ways. However, they nearly all counted in tens.

different ways of writing the number 6

Ancient times

Ancient money

Ancient house

Ancient city

Ancient building

(Once upon a time )

almost （以十为单位）


22

Zero The system of numbers today

consists of the numbers from 1 to 9 and 0(zero). The Indians first invented and developed the 1 to 9 system of numbers. They then invented the zero. The invention of the zero helped people write big numbers and calculate more easily. Now use each of these ten numbers once to write the biggest number. What is it?

Our class consits of 44 students

Our class is made up of 44 students.

His breakfast __ ___ ___ ___dry bread and tea. _____ _____

invent. v.invention n.inventor n.

is made up of

is made up of

consists of

（数字体系）

9,876,543,210


23

Calculating machines ( 计算工具）

One of the first calculating machines was an abacus. Abacuses are fast and accurate. On the abacus , the beads on the wires stand for ones, tens, hundreds and thousands, starting from the bottom wire.

an abacus stand for: represent


The abacus in the picture shows a number. Write it down in figures and then in words.

Multiply it by zero and then add 1. What is the answer?

（以单词的形式）

（以数字的形式）

2,597

2597x0+1=?

Pay attention to the following: in figures in words in different ways in English / in Chinese in ink / in oil

two thousand five hundred and ninety-seven


25

　 Modern electronic calculators can add, subtract, multiply and divide. It can also calculate percentages and square roots.

（平方根） calculator n.calculating adj. calculate v

an electronic calculator a calculating machine


26

Computers are very powerful calculating machines. A computer can do a calculation in a flash. (in a second/very quickly in a very short time )

May asks T M Li, the writer, some May asks T M Li, the writer, some questions about his article on numbers. His questions about his article on numbers. His answers are not always clear. Read the answers are not always clear. Read the article and make Li’s answers clearer. article and make Li’s answers clearer. Write one word in each blank. Write one word in each blank. 1 Every one knows it.

Knows what? The of .

Language numbers

2 Long ago, people wrote them in many 2 Long ago, people wrote them in many different ways.different ways.

Wrote what?Wrote what? .. 3. People all count in this way.3. People all count in this way. In what way?In what way? .. 4. The Indians invented that system of 4. The Indians invented that system of

numbers.numbers. Which system of numbers?Which system of numbers? The The system.system.

Numbers.

In tens

1 to 9

5 The invention helped people write in 5 The invention helped people write in big numbers.big numbers.

What invention?What invention? The invention of theThe invention of the .. 6 They are fast and accurate.6 They are fast and accurate. What?What? .. 7 Computers are very powerful ones.7 Computers are very powerful ones. Very powerful what?Very powerful what? ..

zero

Abacuses

Calculating machines

We can use We can use themthem to calculate. to calculate.

an electronic an electronic calculatorcalculator

a computer

an abacusan abacus

Calculating Calculating machinesmachines

an electronic calculatoran electronic calculatoradd

subtract

multiply

divide percentage

square root

Calculating MachineCalculating Machine

Calculating MachineCalculating Machine

beads

wires

55,,77 22 44—— thousandsthousands

—— hundredshundreds

—— tenstens

—— onesones

an abacusan abacus

one of the first one of the first calculating machines calculating machines

accurate and fastaccurate and fast

1.Listening and reading (15 minutes.)2.< 一课一练 > p68-69 ， P71-72 数词专练单选3. 背诵并复习课文内容，明天默写

Fill the blanks according to the text

•How many ______ do you know? Everyone knows _______ two – his or her ___ language and the ___________ language of numbers._____ numbers In ancient times, people wrote ______ in many different ____. However, they ____ all counted in ____.

languages

at leastown

international

Ancient

numbersways

nearlytens

The system of numbers today ______ the numbers from 1 to 9 and 0(zero). The ______ first invented and developed the 1 to 9 ______ of numbers. They then _____ the zero. The invention of the zero ____ people write ______ numbers and calculate more _____. Now use each of these ___ numbers once to _____ the biggest ______. What is it?

consists ofIndians

systeminvented

helpedbig

easilyten

writenumber

Calculating machines ( 计算工具） One of the first ______ machines was an _____. Abacuses are ____ and accurate. ____the abacus , the _____ on the wires ______ ones, tens, hundreds and thousands, ____ from the bottom wire.

calculating abacus

fast

On beads

stand for

starting

The ______in the picture shows a number. _____it down in _____ and then in ____. Multiply it __ zero and then ___ 1. What is the answer?Modern ________ calculators ______ add, subtract, multiply____ divide. It can _____calculate percentages and______ roots.

abacusWrite

figureswords by

add

electronic

and

alsosquare

can

Computers ___ very powerful ______ machines. A computer ___ do a calculation in a _____.

are

calculatingcan

flash

46

Complete the short passage:Everyone knows (1) two languages---hisor her own language and the (2) language of numbers. In (3) times, nearly all numbers were Counted in tens.The(4) first (5) ________ and (6) the(7) of numbers today. It (8)______ ___ the numbers from 1 to 9 and 0. An abacus is fast and (9) .It was one of the first (10) machines. On it, the beads on the wire (11) ones, tens, hundreds,and thousands, starting from the (12) wire.Modern (13) ______ calculators can add, subtract, multiply and divide. Computers are very(14) calculating machines. They can do calculations in a (15) .

at leastinternational

ancient

Indians invented

developed system

accurate

calculating

stand forbottom electronic

powerful

flash

consists of

CompetitionCompetition

12

3

455

6

7

88

Who first invented and developed the 1to Who first invented and developed the 1to 9 system of numbers?9 system of numbers?

The Indians.The Indians.

What can an electronic calculator do?What can an electronic calculator do?

It can add, subtract, It can add, subtract, multiply and divide. It can multiply and divide. It can also calculate percentages also calculate percentages and square roots.and square roots.

How did people write numbers in ancient How did people write numbers in ancient times?times?

They wrote numbers in They wrote numbers in many different ways.many different ways.

How long can a computer do a How long can a computer do a calculation?calculation?

In a flash.In a flash.

What did the invention of the zero help people What did the invention of the zero help people do?do?

It helped It helped people write people write big numbers big numbers and calculate and calculate more easily.more easily.

How did people in ancient times count in How did people in ancient times count in the same way?the same way?

They nearly all counted They nearly all counted in tens.in tens.

What do the beads on the wires stand What do the beads on the wires stand for?for?

They stand for They stand for ones, tens, ones, tens, hundreds, thousands and so hundreds, thousands and so on.on.

How many languages does everyone at How many languages does everyone at least know?least know?

Two– his or her own Two– his or her own language and the language and the international language of international language of numbers.numbers.

Shakuntala Devi

a computer

夏琨塔拉‧大卫（ Shakuntala Devi ） 1939 年 11 月 4 日出生於印度的邦加罗尔（ Bangalore ），她是印度的数学家，常被称誉为「人类计算器」 (Human Computer) 、「世上最聪明的女人」。她曾在全球各大学接受测试，现场示范其最著名的特殊能力：在 28 秒内计算出两个任意 13 位数的乘积 , 这项成就让大卫女士名列金氏世界记录

Some people call the brain a living computerIs a human brain a more powerful calculator than a computer?The following story may give an answer.Shakuntala Devi is a lady from India with an amazing brain.She can calculate like lightning.In America, Shakuntala and a very powerful computerwere given this problem to solve.Shakuntala's brain took fifty seconds to find the answer.The computer took a minute.However, before the computer could begin calculating,someone had to program it with instructions,and that took many hours.No one had to program Shakuntala!

More information about numbers

For odd numbers, seven implies( 暗示 ) anger and abandon （丢弃） , but nine, sometimes means longevity( 长寿 )and eternity （永恒） . Based on these notions( 观念 ), it is the fashion for young lovers to send roses. One rose represents that 'you are myonly love'; two, 'only we two in the world'; three, the three moving words 'I love you'; and nine, 'everlasting love'.

The lucky-number has become increasingly popular in daily life of modern sociality. Because some people believe that the “Lucky Numbers" can bring them good luck and great fortune. They would like to pay twice or many times more of the usual price for a “Lucky” telephone number or a car plate number. For instance, the so-called lucky number “8” is widely used now because it is sounded like “getting rich” in Chinese and is believed to bring good fortune, but the number four means death. Some people believe lucky numbers so deeply that they will afford a telephone with numbers without four and others which is bad in their mind.

Talking about the advantages and disadvantages of different kinds of calculating machines.

abacus

electronic calculator

computer

chapter 4 (1) the world of numbers. chapter 4 the world of numbers 2 123 2342 63% 0.45 6.01 4.1°...

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