chapter 3:socialization look familiar? or chaos? copyright © allyn & bacon 20071

Chapter 3:Socialization

Look familiar? Or Chaos?Look familiar? Or Chaos?

Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2007 1


Isolation, how bad can it get?

Isolation, how bad can it get?




Nature vs. Nurture - Oscar and Jack Workaholic v. leisurely

Feral Children Victor “Wild Boy”

Isolated Children Genie, Anna, Isabelle

Institutionalized Children Skeels and Dye Study Study of Orphanages 12 Control 13 Experimental 21 years later? 12 grade Average. 5 completed 1 or more

years of college, 1 to graduate school, 11 married All were self sufficiant

What is Human Nature?What is Human Nature?


Deprived Animals Deprived Animals

Harry and Margret Harlow (1962) Two artificial Mothers One with wire frame and wooden head One with no bottle but covered with soft

terrycloth What was the outcome? Page 67




In Sum…

Society Makes Us Human



Cooley and the Looking Glass Self Remember Symbolic Interactionism?? He Influenced it Duh! We Imagine How We Appear to Others

I’m Very Cool We Interpret Others’ Reactions

Do you like me? We Develop a Self-Concept

Positive and Negative Take the Role of the other

Someone else's shoes Significant Others – Parents, Siblings When do we act out on these principles? Generalized Other

Socialization into the Self and MindSocialization into the Self and Mind



Mead and Role-Taking

Imitation





Imitation

Play





Imitation

Play

Games



George Herbert Mead – 1863-1929George Herbert Mead – 1863-1929 University of Chicago Generalized Other – Integrated conception of our

norms. “You get it!” Example – being honest >> Significant others

Self Concept - Self is not a structure, it is a process. The I acts and the Me defends the self as reflective of others. The combination of the Me and the I.

“I” is the spontaneous, and active part. “Me” is the socialized portion The “I” is the first reaction They are both in constant communication




Piaget and the Development of Reasoning

Being human means having the ability to reason Sensorimotor Stage – Birth to age two

Do I have toes? Preoperational Stage –Two to age Seven

Count, Count what does that mean? Mountains Concrete Operational Stage – Seven to Twelve

Can take roles and participate in games, But … Truth? Formal Operational Stage – After age Twelve

Capable of abstract thinking Slavery Example! How in our country?




Freud and the Development of Personality Physician in Vienna Austria in the early 1900’s Best known for what? Personality has three elements 1) ID – Inborn

Drives 2) EGO – The balancing force 3) Super EGO – Your Conscience, that voice we talked about.

The ID demands immediate self fulfillment for basic needs

The Super EGO represents the Culture Within Us Kohlber and the Development of Morality

Gilligan and Gender Differences in Morality

Learning Personality, Morality, and EmotionsLearning Personality, Morality, and Emotions


Work to outline the following people or Studies:Work to outline the following people or Studies:

Kohlberg and Gilligan P. 72-73 Theory on development? Gender differences?

Paul Ekman P.73 Global and Expressing Emotions Ifaluk P. 74 Colin Turnbull P. 74 The IK? Susan Goldberg and Michael Lewis

What did they find? P. 75-76




Global Emotions

Expressing Emotions

What We Feel

Research Needed

The Self and Emotions as Social

Control - Society Within Us

Socialization into EmotionsSocialization into Emotions



Colin Turnbull and the Ik

Passionless Society

Selfishness, Numbness, Lack of Concern

Only Good is Pursuit of Food

No School, No Church, No Family

Down-to-Earth SociologyDown-to-Earth Sociology



The Self and Emotions as Social Control

Are We Free?

Expectations of Family and Friends

Social Mirror

Society Within UsSociety Within Us



Gender Messages in the Family Goldberg and Lewis Could be Biological? Innate differences Monkeys – cars and Dolls

Gender Messages from Peers Wimpy Milkie Study - Discovery as boys

Gender Messages in the Mass Media Advertising

Socialization into GenderSocialization into Gender

20,000 commercials a year

G – Cooperative B – Aggressive

G – Giggly B – Dominant Unrealistic and inadequate leads to an

array of products to get you there


Socialization into GenderSocialization into Gender

Television – reinforces stereotypes of the sexes Male characters outnumber females Males usually portrayed in higher status position Women's sports on television?

Cheerleaders though? Trivialized and mocked

Kim Possible, Xena, Alias,

Buffy the Vampire

More women are injured from being battered by men than

by all rapes, muggings and automobile crashes combined.




Religion On any given Sunday 2 out of 5 Americans attend a religious

service Day Care

Children who spend more hours in day care have weaker bonds with their mothers

More likely to fight and to be cruel Why might this be? But…score higher on language tests

The School Manifest Function - intended Latent Function – unintended Universality Hidden and corridor curriculum

Agents of SocializationAgents of Socialization



The Neighborhood Common Sense tells us

Children from poor neighborhoods are more likely to get into trouble, become pregnant or drop out of school

Residents from more affluent neighborhoods watch out for each others kids

Poor neighborhoods don’t care about kids? Less Transition in neighbors, so adults know children Peer Groups

Influence of the family lessons as time goes on Adler Study – Boys are made popular through athletics,

coolness, and toughness. Girls are made popular through family background, physical appearance, and the ability to attract boys.

The standards dominateCopyriht © Allyn & Bacon 2007 20



Sports and Competitive Success Not just physical skills learned but values Justification for sports Boys - Masculinity Girls – Meaningful Relationships

The Workplace Gain a new perspective on life from coworkers Anticipatory Socialization – learning to play a role

before entering it Get out before its to late! Student Teachers




Resocialization Mild - New Boss Intense - Alcoholics Anonymous Degradation Ceremony – Prisoners – their verdict being read Total Institutions - Boot Camp

Childhood - Birth to ~12 yrs

Adolescence - 13 to 17 yrs Transitional Adulthood - 18 to 29 yrs

Socialization Through LifeSocialization Through Life



The Middle Years - 30 to 65 yrs

Early Middle Years - 30 to 49 yrs

Later Middle Years - 50 to 65 yrs




The Older Years ~65 yrs on

Early Older Years

Later Older Years




Does Not Merely Represent Biology

Social Factors Influence Life Course

Social Location Very Significant

Sociological Significance of the Life CourseSociological Significance of the Life Course



Sociologists Do Not Think So

Individuals Are Actively Involved

in the Construction of the Self

Are We Prisoners of Socialization?Are We Prisoners of Socialization?

chapter 3:socialization look familiar? or chaos? copyright © allyn & bacon 20071

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