Chapter 34: The Great WarUnit 7 AP World History

Written by: Kimberly Zerbst

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Sources of conflict

Colonial Troops/Conscription

Technological advancements in war

New warfare tactics

Treaty of Paris/League of Nations

Epidemic Disease

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Total War

►Mass civilian population involved in war.

►News censored.►Propaganda used►Socialists supported war.►Capitalism replaced by gov’t

controlled economy.

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Munitions Workers

Sources of Global Conflict: Imperialist Expansion by European Powers & Japan

Sources of Global Conflict: competition for resources

Raw materials

Mineral resources

What is the greatest resource of all?

Sources of Global Conflict: Ethnic Conflict

Worldwide

In what ways do you think ethnic conflict was exacerbated by imperialism?

Sources of Global Conflict: Power rivalry between G.B. & Germany

Started with the Industrial Revolution

Naval race

Ethnic rivalry

The position of Prussia in Germany will not be determined by its liberalism but by its power ... Prussia must concentrate its strength and hold it for the favourable moment, which has already come and gone several times. Since the treaties of Vienna, our frontiers have been ill-designed for a healthy body politic. Not through speeches and majority decisions will the great questions of the day be decided - that was the great mistake of 1848 and 1849 - but by iron and blood. [Otto Von Bismark Sept. 1862]

Sources of Global Conflict: Nationalist Ideologies

Language

Customs

Traditions

Values

Experiences

Religion (sometimes)

“Nationalism is an infantile thing. It is the measles of mankind.” ― Albert Einstein

Sources of Global Conflict: Economic crisis (Great Depression)

Checking for Understanding:Using your whiteboard, answer the following Questions

What is total war?

I will give you the incident you classify it in it’s proper category as a source of conflict prior to and during WWI: Imperialism Competition for resources Ethnic conflict Power rivalries between Great Britain & Germany Nationalist ideology Economic crisis caused by the Great Depression

The MAIN reason for WWI

M

A

I

N

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Militarism & Arms Race

1870 1880 1890 1900 1910 1914

94 130 154 268 289 398

Militarism- A National policy of military aggressiveness.

Total Defense Expenditures for the Great Powers [Ger., A-H, It., Fr., Br., Rus.]

in millions of £s.

1910-1914 Increase in Defense Expenditures

France 10%

Britain 13%

Russia 39%

Germany 73%

Alliances

Imperialism

Nationalism

Nationalism-Demand for national groups for independence.

Pan-Slavism-Nationalist movement to unite all Slavic peoples.

*Slavs protected by Russia

* 1908, Austria annexes Bosnia-Herzegovina

• Slavs living in Bosnia-Herzegovina want to united into Yugoslavia.

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Aggressive Nationalism

Colonial Troops

Conscription

ANZAC troops

Australian and New Zealand army Corps

Fought at Gallipoli

Stayed in the middle east as ‘peacekeepers’

Technology of Total War

Advances in industrialization

What factors do you think have to exist for humanity to be willing to invest time, effort, and money into developing weapons of mass murder?

New Weapons

Vicker’s Machine Gun

Tanks

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French Renault Tank

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U-Boats

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Allied Ships Sunk by U-Boats

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AIRPLANES

Airplanes

The Zeppelin

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FlameThrowers

GrenadeLaunchers

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Poison Gas

Machine Gun

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Krupp’s “Big Bertha” Gun

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U-Boats

Zeppelins

Radio

Checking For Understanding

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New Tactic: Trench Warfare

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The War

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The Schlieffen Plan

German plan to invade France through Belgium; Win France then fight Russia

Underestimated Russia

Plan fails; leads to a 2 front war

Battle of the Marne (Sept. 1914

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A Multi-Front War

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Turning Point of War

►Collapse of Russia * Allies want Russia to remain in war * 1917 Tsar’s gov’t fails * Bolsheviks take control of Russian

gov’t. * Sign Treaty of Brest-Litovsk (Dec.

1917) Allows Russia to w/d from WWI. * Russians give up Finland, Poland,

Baltic States and parts of the Ukraine. * Germans switch focus to Western

Front

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The Zimmerman Telegram

The Peace

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Big Four: Lloyd George (Br), Clemenceau (Fr.), Wilson (US), Orlando (It).

Central Powers Excluded

Italy leaves conference mad.

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Versailles Treaty

Germany: lost 10% of land; create Poland, Czechoslovakia, return Alsace-Lorraine to France

Austrian empire dismantled

Bulgaria lost land

Turkish land divided among Allied countries (protectorates)

Germany blamed for war; ordered to pay reparations – $33 billion

German military strictly limited (defense only)

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14 points

W. Wilson (US) brings ideas to the peace table: Self-determination for repressed nationalities Disarmament Freedom of the seas to all International body to oversea international relations

(League of Nations) US never signs on to LoN – want to stay out of Euro

politics

Checking for Understanding

Who were the big winners at the Treaty of Versailles?

Who were the big losers at the Treaty of Versailles?

What kind of countries were created as a result of the treaty?

How does this portend for the future of Europe?

1918 Influenza Epidemic

What made it spread worldwide?

Checking for Understanding

Formulate a cohesive thesis that explains the following prompt: Analyze continuities and

changes in warfare from 1700 CE to 1919 CE.