chapter 34 intro to animals
DESCRIPTION
Chapter 34 Intro to Animals. Image from: http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/index.html. Animals. Invertebrates (animals without a backbone). Porifera Cnidaria Worms Mollusks Echinoderms Arthropods. Animals. Vertebrates- Animals with backbones. Fish Amphibians Reptiles - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
Chapter 34Intro to Animals
Image from: http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/index.html
Animals
Invertebrates
(animals without a backbone)
PoriferaCnidariaWormsMollusksEchinodermsArthropods
Animals
Vertebrates-
Animals
with backbones
FishAmphibiansReptilesBirdsMammals
Animal Groups
Image from: http://ology.amnh.org/biodiversity/treeoflife/pages/graph.html
Characteristics of ALL Animals:
1. Are ____________________ cells have nucleus & membrane bound organelles
2. Are ____________________ get food from consuming other organisms
3. Are ____________________ made of many cells
4. Show __________________ different kinds of cells do different jobs
Characteristics of ALL Animals:
5. _____________ (at some point in life cycle)
for food, find mates, escape danger
6. Contain _____________
which carries the genetic code
7. ____________________
Make offspring
Most have sexual reproduction (few asexual)
10 Body Systems :1. _____________________ OUTSIDE BODY COVERING
(fur, skin, scales, feathers)
Covers and protects, ID,prevents heat & water loss
Orangutan image from: http://www.biologycorner.com/webquests.phpFish image from:http://www.woodburning.com/fish/ Frog image from: http://gladstone.uoregon.edu/~mmorley/rainbow/green%20frog.jpgCardinal image from: http://www.nps.gov/fopu/pulaskione/GRAPHIC/IMAGES/birds/Northern%20Cardinal.jpg
10 Body Systems :
2.________________
Breaks down food to
obtain nutrients & gets rid of undigested waste
Image from: http://infozone.imcpl.org/kids_diges.htm
NO OPENINGS:Food enters through skin
Only one opening: FOOD IN and WASTE OUT through same opening
Images from: http://www.geocities.com/animalbio/biology/DIGESTIO.gif
Two openings: FOOD IN at one end (mouth) WASTE OUT at other end (ANUS)
Image from: http://www.geocities.com/animalbio/biology/DIGESTIO.gif
Two openings: Most efficient
If food flows only one direction it allows for organ specialization(Different parts can start to do different jobs)
Image from: http://www.geocities.com/animalbio/biology/DIGESTIO.gif
10 Body Systems :3. __________________Transports nutrients/oxygen to body cells
Carries carbon dioxide/nitrogen waste away from cells
Circulatory fluid can be:
inside blood vessels = _________ loose inside body spaces = _______
Image from: http://www.agen.ufl.edu/~chyn/age2062/lect/lect_19/147a.gif
10 Body Systems :4.___________________
Image from: http://www.umm.edu/respiratory/images/respiratory_anatomy.gif
Exchange gases with the
environment
•take in oxygen
•get rid of waste gases (CO2 &/or ammonia)
10 Body Systems :
5. ___________________
• Get rid of nitrogen waste made by cells
• Help with HOMEOSTASIS by maintaining water/ion balance
(_________________________)
NITROGEN WASTE :
_________________ Most TOXIC Must be removed QUICKLY
Needs MOST water to dilute
_______________ Made from ammonia by liver Less toxic than ammonia Can be stored if diluted with water
(Needs less water to dilute than ammonia)
_________________ LEAST TOXIC Can be stored if diluted with water
(Needs LEAST amount of water to dilute)
NITROGEN WASTEhttp://www.anselm.edu/homepage/jpitocch/genbio/nitrowaste.JPG
ALL WASTE is NOT THE SAME!DIGESTIVE WASTE
NITROGENWASTE
WHERE ITS MADE?
Body system used?
In what form?
made by cells from break down of proteins
Handled by excretory system
ammonia, urea, or uric acid
Feces (poop)
left over from undigested food
Handled by digestive system
10 Body Systems :6. ___________________
Framework to support body/protection
Skeleton on inside = _______________ Skeleton on outside = _______________
Walking skeleton image from: http://virtualastronaut.jsc.nasa.gov/textonly/act15/text-skeletonpuz.html
Insect lefg image from:http://www.zoobooks.com/newFrontPage/animals/virtualZoo/animals/i/insects/images/exoskeleton.gif
10 Body Systems :7. _______________
Locomotion- move body itself
OR
move substances through body (EX: food through digestive system; blood through vessels)
Image from: http://kidshealth.org/kid/body/muscles_noSW.html
http://www.angliacampus.com/public/sec/science/nutriton/images/peristal.gif
10 Body Systems : 8. _____________________ -
Produce offspring by combining genetic material from 2 parents = __________________________
Family image from: http://babyhearing.org/Parenet2Parent/index.aspPlanaria animation: http://www.t3.rim.or.jp/~hylas/planaria/title.htm
Produce offspring using genetic material from only 1 parent =_____________________________
10 Body Systems : ______________ DEVELOPMENT
immature LARVA looks different than adult
__________ DEVELOPMENT young are smaller versions on adults
Metamorphosis image from: http://www.lincoln.midcoast.com/~del/butterflyFrog image from: http://www.animationlibrary.co
Image from: http://www.bcps.org/offices/lis/models/life/images/grow.JPG
Sperm and egg join outside female’s body = ___________________
Sperm and egg joininside female’s body = ____________________
Animation from: http://discover.edventures.com/images/termlib/f/fertilization/support.gif
9. ___________________
Receive sensory infoabout environment &
send response signals
http://www.roadhunter.com/~ceph/gallery/anatomy07.jpg
10. __________________
Make hormones that regulate other body systems
(only in higher animals)
Image from: http://www.cushings-help.com/images/endocrine.jpg
Kinds of Symmetry
No symmetry
Radial symmetry
Bilateral symmetry
___________________No symmetry
Doesn’t matter how you cut it; you never get 2 identical halves.
Image from: http://mbgnet.mobot.org/salt/animals/sponges.htm
_______ Symmetry
Get 2 identical halves in several directions.
Jelly fish image: http://www.redfishbluefish.com/BellaLuz/Jellyfish.jpg
Image from: http://biodidac.bio.uottawa.ca/
http://sps.k12.ar.us/massengale/animal%20dissections.htm
___________ Symmetry
If divide animal down the middle you get 2 mirror images
BUT only divides equally in ONE direction
Image from: http://www.okc.cc.ok.us/biologylabs/Documents/Animals/Symmetry.htm
3. EMBRYOLOGY
Image from: http://calspace.ucsd.edu/virtualmuseum/litu/03_3.shtml
1. Where does BLASTOPORE end up?2. What do embryos look like as they divide?3. When do cells decide what they will be?
Image from: http://io.uwinnipeg.ca/~simmons/16cm05/1116/16anim3.htm
EMBRYONIC DEVELOPMENT
Becomes digestive system
1. Where does BLASTOPORE end up?
Images modified from: http://io.uwinnipeg.ca/~simmons/16cm05/1116/16anim3.htm
What do embryos look like as they divide?
Images from: http://www.zo.utexas.edu/faculty/sjasper/images/so28_04.gif
SPIRAL RADIAL CLEAVAGE CLEAVAGE
When do cells decide what they will become?
Image from: http://www.rbej.com/content/figures/1477-7827-1-100-1.jpg
Images modified from: http://www.rbej.com/content/figures/1477-7827-1-100-1.jpg
Cells decide early Cells decide later
Removing cell causes death Removing cell OK
THAT’S WHERE TWINS COME FROM!
ANIMALS
Blastopore becomes MOUTH
Blastopore becomes ANUS
Decide very early (DETERMINATE)
Decide later(INDETERMINATE)
ALL INVERTEBRATESexcept ECHINODERMS
ALL VERTEBRATES (Fish, amphibians, birds, reptiles, mammals)plus ECHINODERMS
SPIRAL cleavageRADIAL cleavage
PROTOSTOMES DEUTEROSTOMES
EMBRYOLOGY __________________
are the “exception to the rule”!
They are INVERTEBRATES but their embryos act like
_________________________
Image from: http://www.bsac21.freeserve.co.uk/images/Critters/Starfish%20Bloody%20Henry.JPG
Image from: http://io.uwinnipeg.ca/~simmons/16cm05/1116/16anim3.htm
EMBRYONIC DEVELOPMENT
Becomes digestive system
All animals except sponges, jellyfish, anemones have 3 germ
layers in their embryosEndoderm
Mesoderm
Ectoderm
Muscle, excretory, bones,circulatory
Digestive system, respiratory
Outer skin, brain, nervous system
Types of Coeloms (See-Lums)
No cavity (space) around organs
Image from: http://io.uwinnipeg.ca/~simmons/16labman05/lb5pg10.htm
ACOELOM = “without space”
FLATWORMS are ACOELOMATES!
Types of Coeloms (See-Lums)Space around organs but only lined with
mesoderm on one side (lines body wall BUT NOT around gut)
Image from: http://io.uwinnipeg.ca/~simmons/16labman05/lb5pg10.htm
PSEUDOCOELOM
ROUND WORMS are PSEUDOCOELOMATES!
Kinds of Coeloms (See-Lums)EUCOELOM: Body cavity (space) lined
on BOTH sides by mesoderm
Image from: http://io.uwinnipeg.ca/~simmons/16labman05/lb5pg10.htm
EUCOELOM = TRUE COELOM = COELOM
EUCOELOMATESALL VERTEBRATES & SOME INVERTEBRATES
ALL ANIMALS you will dissect this year are EUCOELOMATES!
3 Types of Coeloms
ectodermmesodermendoderm
Image from: http://www.lander.edu/rsfox/310images/310bil5.jpg
ACOELOM
PSEUDOCOELOM
EUCOELOM
Advantages of having a COELOM (body space):
In animals without a skeleton- Fluid in coelom space can act as a HYDROSTATIC skeleton
In animals without blood vessels- Fluid in coelom space can circulate nutrients and oxygen to cells
Provides space for internal organs
WHY is a EUCOELOM the best?
Digestive organ muscles and body wall muscles come from MESODERM in different places so organism can digest food and move at same time.
Images from: http://www.lander.edu/rsfox/310images/310bil5.jpg http://www.okc.cc.ok.us/biologylabs/Images/Animal_Images/coelomate.gif
Which way is up?
Image from: http://www.ca4h.org/4hresource/clipart/animals/pics/dog.gif
________________Concentration of nervous tissue and
sensory organs in anterior end of an organism (head area)