chapter 34 franklin roosevelt and the shadow of war (1933 – 1941)
TRANSCRIPT
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Chapter 34Franklin Roosevelt and the Shadow
of War (1933 – 1941)
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The London Conference
OPurpose of the conference?O “Organize a coordinated
international attack on the global depression.”
ORoosevelt withdrew from conference for fear of sacrificing US economy for world economy
OReflected US isolation
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Freedom for the Filipinos….
OTydings-McDuffie ActOPromised Philippines freedom
(happens in 1946)OIn 1933, US formally
recognized the Soviet UnionOHope for tradeOCounteract Germany and
Japan
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Becoming a Good Neighbor
OGood Neighbor PolicyO Improving relations with Latin
AmericaO Renounced armed interventionO Overturned the Roosevelt
CorollaryOImproved relations would help
defend the Western Hemisphere
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Secretary Hull’s Reciprocal Trade Agreements
OReciprocal Trade Agreements Act:OGave power to Roosevelt to
lower tariff rates on specific countries if they did the same
OPassed in response to previous high tariffs (Hawley-Smoot)
OForeign trade increased
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Storm-Cellar Isolationism
OGrowth of Totalitarianism in the 1930sOStalin, Hitler, Mussolini
OJapan and Germany sought to expand their bordersO Japan began building
battleshipsOIsolationism increases
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Congress Legislates Neutrality
O Nye Committee:O Investigated allegations US became
involved in WWI to make $ for munitions companies
O Neutrality Acts of 1935, 1936, and 1937O If there’s a war, restrictions
automatically take effectO America could not sail on that country’s
ships, sell weapons, or lend moneyO “No distinction between brutal
aggressors and innocent victims.”
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America Dooms Loyalist Spain
OWar in Spain between Fascists and left-leaning government (supported by USSR)
ODue to Neutrality Acts, US could NOT help in the fight against the Fascists
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**Appeasing Japan and Germany**
O “Quarantine Speech”O In response to Italy and JapanO Felt countries should “quarantine” aggressive nations
(embargoes)O Isolationists feared this could lead to warO Panay
O American gunboat sunk by the JapaneseO Germany violated Treaty of Versailles
O Marched into Rhineland, built up military, annexed Austria, Sudetenland
O Munich ConferenceO Gave Germany the Sudetenland, Hitler “promised”
not to take over more landO Appeasement
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Hitler’s Belligerency and US Neutrality
OAugust 23, 1939 – Germany-Soviet Non-aggression Pact
OSeptember 1, 1939 – invasion of Poland
OBritain and France need weapons…ONeutrality Act of 1939
O European democracies could buy weapons on a “cash-and-carry” basis
O US is no longer truly “neutral”
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The Fall of France
O June 1940, France falls to HitlerOEngland stood aloneOUS began building its militaryOSeptember 6, 1940: first peace-
time conscription lawOHavana Conference (1940):
O US and L.A. would uphold Monroe Doctrine
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Bolstering Britain with the Destroyer Deal (1940)
O Germany bombed England in preparation of invasion
O “Fortress of America” or help to Britain?O Committee to Defend America:
O Favored aiding alliesO America First Committee:
O Against American involvementO September 1940, Roosevelt gave Britain
ships from WWI in return for basesO Most Americans favored “all aid short of
war”
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FDR Shatters the Two-Term Tradition
OWendell Willkie v. FDROCondemned the New Deal
and FDR “Dictatorship”
OFDR won 449 - 82
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Congress Passes the Lend-Lease Law
OWhat was it? O March 1941O Send supplies to victims of aggressionO “Billions not bodies”
OSeen as a economic declaration of war
OOfficially marked the end of neutralityO Germany began sinking American ships
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Hitler’s Assault on the Soviet Union….
OJune 22, 1941: Operation Barbarossa
OAtlantic Conference:ORoosevelt and Churchill meetOOutlined goals for postwar
worldONo territorial exchangesONew League of Nations
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US Destroyers and Hitler’s U-boats Clash
O July 1941, Roosevelt decided US ships would escort lend-lease supplies to IcelandO Roosevelt orders a “shoot on
sight” policy
ONovember 1941: O Merchant ships could be legally
armed
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Surprise Assault on Pearl Harbor
OLate 1940 – 1941:O US enacts embargoes on Japan
and freezes assets in the US
ODecember 7, 1941:O A day “that will live in infamy”O 3,000 casualties
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