chapter 32: the world since 1945

Chapter 32:Chapter 32:The World Since 1945The World Since 1945

Section 1: Changing Political ClimateSection 1: Changing Political Climate

Section 2: Global Economic TrendsSection 2: Global Economic Trends

Section 3: Changing Patterns of LifeSection 3: Changing Patterns of Life


Summary:Summary:• The balance of world power shifted after The balance of world power shifted after

WWII, with the United States and the WWII, with the United States and the Soviet Union emerging as Soviet Union emerging as SuperpowersSuperpowers


Soon after WWII, empires of Europe Soon after WWII, empires of Europe crumbled as colonies in Africa, Asia crumbled as colonies in Africa, Asia and the Middle East called for and the Middle East called for Self-Self-RuleRule• At first, Britain, France and others At first, Britain, France and others

tried to hold on to their coloniestried to hold on to their coloniesHowever WWII had used up financial However WWII had used up financial

resourcesresources• Nearly 100 nations gained freedom during Nearly 100 nations gained freedom during

the era known as the “the era known as the “Great LiberationGreat Liberation””


Cold War tensions increased because Cold War tensions increased because both the United States and the both the United States and the Soviet Union wanted to make new Soviet Union wanted to make new countries their alliescountries their allies• Each offered aid to developing nationsEach offered aid to developing nations

In addition, the new nations faced other In addition, the new nations faced other problemsproblems

• Some groups wanted Some groups wanted free electionsfree elections• Some leaders wanted Some leaders wanted one-party ruleone-party rule• People of different ethnic groups quarreledPeople of different ethnic groups quarreled• Countries struggled through civil wars and Countries struggled through civil wars and

revolutionsrevolutions


InterdependentInterdependent – mutual – mutual dependence of countries on dependence of countries on goods, resources and goods, resources and knowledge from other parts knowledge from other parts of the worldof the world


New transportation and New transportation and communication systems have communication systems have made the world more made the world more interdependentinterdependent• Nations count on each other for Nations count on each other for

goods and informationgoods and information


Nations also share troublesNations also share troubles• Nuclear weapons are a threat to Nuclear weapons are a threat to

peacepeace•TerrorismTerrorism, the deliberate use of , the deliberate use of

violence to achieve political goals, violence to achieve political goals, spreads fear throughout the worldspreads fear throughout the world


The United Nations (UN) has The United Nations (UN) has expanded to deal with global issuesexpanded to deal with global issues• It must decide if it should step in when It must decide if it should step in when

human rights are in dangerhuman rights are in dangerThe UN and other groups do their best to The UN and other groups do their best to

solve global problemssolve global problems


Summary:Summary:• The The Global NorthGlobal North includes many includes many

wealthy industrial nationswealthy industrial nations• The The Global SouthGlobal South includes many includes many

developing nationsdeveloping nations


The world is made up of rich nations The world is made up of rich nations and poorer onesand poorer ones• A land with strong industries is known A land with strong industries is known

as a developed nationas a developed nationMost of its people can read and writeMost of its people can read and writeThe Birth rate is lowThe Birth rate is lowHealth services are goodHealth services are good

• A developed nation has a high standard of A developed nation has a high standard of livingliving


In In developing nationsdeveloping nations, most , most people are poorpeople are poor• They do not have good schools or They do not have good schools or

roadsroadsFarming is the most common type of Farming is the most common type of

workwork


Most developed nations lie in a zone Most developed nations lie in a zone known as the developed Northknown as the developed North• This zone includes all of Western This zone includes all of Western

Europe and North America, as well as Europe and North America, as well as Japan and AustraliaJapan and Australia


Since most poor nations lie south of Since most poor nations lie south of the Equator, the developing world is the Equator, the developing world is called the Global Southcalled the Global South• Much of Asia, Africa and Latin America Much of Asia, Africa and Latin America

are in this zoneare in this zone


Certain problems are common to the Certain problems are common to the Global SouthGlobal South• Many developing nations are held back Many developing nations are held back

by unfavorable climate, civil war and by unfavorable climate, civil war and dense populationdense populationThey are forced to depend on the help of They are forced to depend on the help of

other countriesother countries• All of these problems block progressAll of these problems block progress


In both rich and poor nations, In both rich and poor nations, economic growth can harm the economic growth can harm the environmentenvironment• Industries use up natural resourcesIndustries use up natural resources• Factories pollute water, air and soilFactories pollute water, air and soil• Accidents and errors threaten crops, Accidents and errors threaten crops,

animals and peopleanimals and peopleThese are These are GlobalGlobal concerns concerns


Summary:Summary:• UrbanizationUrbanization has changed the lives of has changed the lives of

people in the developing worldpeople in the developing world


During this century, much of the During this century, much of the world has changed from a rural world has changed from a rural lifestyle to a urban onelifestyle to a urban one• Most people have moved in search of Most people have moved in search of

jobsjobs• This This migrationmigration, or movement, to the , or movement, to the

cities has changed both cities has changed both wherewhere and and how how people live people live


Children learned new values in city Children learned new values in city schoolsschools• Some grew up speaking a new Some grew up speaking a new

languagelanguageUrban families tended to be smallUrban families tended to be small

• Extended family members lived miles apartExtended family members lived miles apart


Most modern societies work to Most modern societies work to provide equal rights for men and provide equal rights for men and womenwomen• Women continue to gain better Women continue to gain better

education, jobs and payeducation, jobs and payYet change does not always bring an easier Yet change does not always bring an easier

lifelifeWhile taking on new roles, many women While taking on new roles, many women

still have the full responsibility for child still have the full responsibility for child care and houseworkcare and housework


Since 1945, technology has Since 1945, technology has improved the standard of living for improved the standard of living for much of the worldmuch of the world• Satellites, computers and fax machines Satellites, computers and fax machines

spread ideas rapidly and link nations spread ideas rapidly and link nations People share fashion styles, music, art and People share fashion styles, music, art and

foodsfoods• Countries not only depend on each other for Countries not only depend on each other for

economic success, they collectively enjoy a economic success, they collectively enjoy a new global culturenew global culture


However, each breakthrough has its However, each breakthrough has its limitslimits• Many developing nations cannot pay for Many developing nations cannot pay for

new technologiesnew technologies• For example, those most in need of For example, those most in need of

food cannot afford to buy farm food cannot afford to buy farm machinesmachines


So, poor countries fall farther behindSo, poor countries fall farther behind• In some ways, technology has widened In some ways, technology has widened

the gulf between the Global North and the gulf between the Global North and the Global Souththe Global South

chapter 32: the world since 1945

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global economic trendsin

global economic trendssection

global north

global economic trendssummary

global economic trendsmost

global economic trendssince

global problemssection

global southmany