chapter 30 plant diversity ii: the evolution of seed...

Chapter 30 Plant Diversity II: The Evolution of Seed PlantsMultiple-Choice Questions

1) The sporophytes of mosses depend on the gametophytes for water and nutrition. In seed plants, the reverse istrue. From which seed plant sporophyte structure(s) do the immature (unfertilized) gametophytes directly gainwater and nutrition?

A) sporophyllsB) embryosC) sporangiaD) sporopolleninE) ovary

Answer: CTopic: Concept 30.1Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension

2) The result of heterospory isA) the existence of male and female sporophytes.B) the existence of male and female gametophytes.C) the absence of sexuality from both plant generations.D) both (A) and (B) above.

Answer: BTopic: Concept 30.1Skill: Application/Analysis

3) Which of the following is an ongoing trend in the evolution of land plants?A) decrease in the size of the leafB) reduction of the gametophyte phase of the life cycleC) elimination of sperm cells or sperm nucleiD) increasing reliance on water to bring sperm and egg togetherE) replacement of roots by rhizoids

Answer: BTopic: Concept 30.1Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension

4) All of the following cellular structures are functionally important in cells of the gametophytes of bothangiosperms and gymnosperms, except

A) haploid nuclei.B) mitochondria.C) cell walls.D) chloroplasts.E) peroxisomes.

Answer: DTopic: Concept 30.1Skill: Application/Analysis

5) Plants with a dominant sporophyte are successful on land partly becauseA) having no stomata, they lose less water.B) they all disperse by means of seeds.C) diploid plants experience fewer mutations than do haploid plants.D) their gametophytes are completely enclosed within sporophyte tissue.E) eggs and sperm need not be produced.

Answer: DTopic: Concept 30.1Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension

6) The seed coatʹs most important function is to provideA) a nonstressful environment for the megasporangium.B) the means for dispersal.C) dormancy.D) a nutrient supply for the embryo.E) desiccation resistance.

Answer: ETopic: Concept 30.1Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension

7) In addition to seeds, which of the following characteristics are unique to the seed-producing plants?A) sporopolleninB) lignin present in cell wallsC) pollenD) use of air currents as a dispersal agentE) megaphylls


8) Which of the following most closely represents the male gametophyte of seed-bearing plants?A) ovuleB) microspore mother cellC) pollen grain interiorD) embryo sacE) fertilized egg


9) Suppose that the cells of seed plants, like the skin cells of humans, produce a pigment upon increased exposureto UV radiation. Rank the cells below, from greatest to least, in terms of the likelihood of producing thispigment.1. cells of sporangium2. cells in the interior of a subterranean root3. epidermal cells of sporophyte megaphylls4. cells of a gametophyte

A) 3, 4, 1, 2B) 3, 4, 2, 1C) 3, 1, 4, 2D) 3, 2, 1, 4E) 3, 1, 2, 4

Answer: CTopic: Concept 30.1Skill: Synthesis/Evaluation

The following questions refer to the generalized life cycle for land plants shown in Figure 30.1. Each number within a circle or squarerepresents a specific plant or plant part, and each number over an arrow represents either meiosis, mitosis, or fertilization.

Figure 30.1

10) Which number represents the mature gametophyte?A) 1B) 3C) 5D) 7E) 11


11) Which number represents an embryo?A) 1B) 3C) 7D) 9E) 11


12) Meiosis is most likely to be represented by which number(s)?A) 2B) 4C) 2 and 8D) 4 and 8E) 10 and 12


13) Which number represents a megaspore mother cell?A) 1B) 3C) 5D) 7E) 11


14) Which numbers represent haploid cells or tissues?A) 1, 3, and 5B) 7, 9, and 11C) 1, 3, and 11D) 1, 5, and 7E) 5, 7, and 9


15) The process labeled ʺ6ʺ involvesA) nuclear fission.B) mitosis.C) meiosis.D) fertilization.E) binary fission.


16) The embryo sac of an angiosperm flower is best represented by which number?A) 1B) 3C) 7D) 9E) 11


17) In angiosperms, which number most nearly represents the event that initiates the formation of endosperm?A) 4B) 6C) 8D) 10E) 12


18) Arrange the following in the correct sequence, from earliest to most recent, in which these plant traitsoriginated:1. sporophyte dominance, gametophyte independence2. sporophyte dominance, gametophyte dependence3. gametophyte dominance, sporophyte dependence

A) 1 → 2 → 3B) 2 → 3 → 1C) 2 → 1 → 3D) 3 → 2 → 1E) 3 → 1 → 2

Answer: ETopic: Concept 30.1Skill: Synthesis/Evaluation

19) In seed plants, which part of a pollen grain has a function most like that of the seed coat?A) sporophyllB) male gametophyteC) sporopolleninD) stigmaE) sporangium


20) In terms of alternation of generations, the internal parts of the pollen grains of seed-producing plants are mostsimilar to a

A) moss sporophyte.B) moss gametophyte bearing both male and female gametangia.C) fern sporophyte.D) hermaphroditic fern gametophyte.E) fern gametophyte bearing only antheridia.


21) Which of these is most important in making the typical seed more resistant to adverse conditions than thetypical spore?

A) a different type of sporopolleninB) an internal reservoir of liquid waterC) integument(s)D) ability to be dispersedE) waxy cuticle


22) A researcher has developed two stains for use with seed plants. One stains sporophyte tissue blue; the otherstains gametophyte tissue red. If the researcher exposes pollen grains to both stains, and then rinses away theexcess stain, what should occur?

A) The pollen grains will be pure red.B) The pollen grains will be pure blue.C) The pollen grains will have red interiors and blue exteriors.D) The pollen grains will have blue interiors and red exteriors.E) Insofar as the pollen grains are independent of the plant that produced them, they will not absorb either

stain.Answer: CTopic: Concept 30.1Skill: Application/Analysis

23) Gymnosperms differ from both extinct and extant ferns because theyA) are woody.B) have macrophylls.C) have pollen.D) have sporophylls.E) have spores.


24) The main way that pine trees disperse their offspring is by usingA) fruits that are eaten by animals.B) spores.C) squirrels to bury cones.D) windblown seeds.E) flagellated sperm swimming through water.


25) Generally, wind pollination is most likely to be found in seed plants that growA) close to the ground.B) in dense, single-species stands.C) in relative isolation from other members of the same species.D) along coastlines where prevailing winds blow from the land out to sea.E) in well-drained soils.


26) Which of these statements correctly describes a portion of the pine life cycle?A) Female gametophytes use mitosis to produce eggs.B) Seeds are produced in pollen-producing cones.C) Pollen grains contain female gametophytes.D) A pollen tube slowly digests its way through the triploid endosperm.

Answer: ATopic: Concept 30.2Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension

27) Which of these statements is true of the pine life cycle?A) Cones are homologous to the capsules of moss plants.B) The pine tree is a gametophyte.C) Male and female gametophytes are in close proximity during gamete synthesis.D) Conifer pollen grains contain male gametophytes.E) Double fertilization is a relatively common phenomenon.


28) Within a gymnosperm megasporangium, what is the correct sequence in which the following should appearduring development, assuming that fertilization occurs?1. sporophyte embryo2. female gametophyte3. egg cell4. megaspore

A) 4 → 3 → 2 → 1B) 4 → 2 → 3 → 1C) 4 → 1 → 2 → 3D) 1 → 4 → 3 → 2E) 1 → 4 → 2 → 3

Answer: BTopic: Concept 30.2Skill: Synthesis/Evaluation

29) Which of the following can be found in gymnosperms?A) non-fertile flower parts.B) triploid endosperm.C) fruits.D) pollen.E) carpels.


30) In most pine species, pollen cones and seed (ovulate) cones are borne on the same tree. In a habitat where fewair currents exist at, or near, the forest floor but nearly continuous in the tree canopy, which of these is the mostadaptive arrangement of the two kinds of cones on pines in this habitat?

Answer: CTopic: Concept 30.2Skill: Application/Analysis

31) Similar to cacti and euphorbs, conifers often have leaves that are modified into a needle-like shape–anadaptation to arid environments. Yet, the taiga bioprovince of the northern hemisphere and the slopes ofmountain ranges receive plenty of annual precipitation and have dense conifer forests. In what way are suchenvironments able to account for the presence of trees whose leaves are adapted to arid conditions?

A) The soil there drains poorly.B) Water around the roots or on the soil surface is often frozen, and therefore unavailable.C) Albedo (the fraction of light reflected from a surface) off the arctic ice cap desiccates unprotected leaves.D) Acid deposition is intense at such latitudes.E) UV radiation is intense at such latitudes.


32) Arrange the following structures, which can be found on male pine trees, from the largest structure to thesmallest structure (or from most inclusive to least inclusive).1. sporophyte2. microspores3. microsporangia4. pollen cone5. pollen nuclei

A) 1, 4, 3, 2, 5B) 1, 4, 2, 3, 5C) 1, 2, 3, 5, 4D) 4, 1, 2, 3, 5E) 4, 3, 2, 5, 1

Answer: ATopic: Concept 30.2Skill: Synthesis/Evaluation

33) Which of these statements is false?A) A female pinecone is a short stem with spore-bearing appendages.B) A male pinecone is a short stem with spore-bearing appendages.C) A flower is a short stem with spore-bearing appendages.D) A mature fruit is a short stem with spore-bearing appendages.

Answer: DTopic: Concepts 30.2, 30.3Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension

34) Which trait(s) is (are) shared by many modern gymnosperms and angiosperms?1. pollen transported by wind2. lignified xylem3. microscopic gametophytes4. sterile sporophylls, modified to attract pollinators5. endosperm

A) 1 onlyB) 1 and 3C) 1, 2, and 3D) 1, 3, and 5E) 2, 4, and 5

Answer: CTopic: Concepts 30.2, 30.3Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension

The following questions refer to the description below.

The cycads, a mostly tropical phylum of gymnosperms, evolved about 300 million years ago and were dominant formsduring the Age of the Dinosaurs. Though their sperm are flagellated, their ovules are pollinated by beetles. These beetles getnutrition (they eat pollen) and shelter from the microsporophylls. Upon visiting megasporophylls, the beetles transfer pollento the exposed ovules. In cycads, pollen cones and seed cones are borne on different plants. Cycads synthesize neurotoxins,especially in the seeds, that are effective against most animals, including humans.

35) Which feature of cycads distinguishes them from most other gymnosperms?1. They have exposed ovules.2. They have flagellated sperm.3. They are pollinated by animals.

A) 1 onlyB) 2 onlyC) 3 onlyD) 2 and 3E) 1, 2, and 3


36) Which feature of cycads makes them similar to many angiosperms?1. They have exposed ovules.2. They have flagellated sperm.3. They are pollinated by animals.

A) 1 onlyB) 2 onlyC) 3 onlyD) 2 and 3E) 1, 2, and 3


37) If one were to erect a new taxon of plants that included all plants that are pollinated by animals, and only plantsthat are pollinated by animals, then this new taxon would be

A) monophyletic.B) paraphyletic.C) polyphyletic.D) identical in composition to the phylum Anthophyta.E) identical in composition to the phylum Cycadophyta.

Answer: CTopic: Concepts 30.2, 30.3Skill: Application/Analysis

38) If the beetles survive by consuming cycad pollen, then whether the beetles should be considered mutualistswith, or parasites of, the cycads depends upon

A) the extent to which their overall activities affect cycad reproduction.B) the extent to which the beetles are affected by the neurotoxins.C) the extent to which the beetles damage the cycad flowers.D) the distance the beetles must travel between cycad microsporophylls and cycad megasporophylls.

Answer: ATopic: Concept 30.2Skill: Application/Analysis

39) On the Pacific island of Guam, large herbivorous bats called ʺflying foxesʺ commonly feed on cycad seeds, apotent source of neurotoxins. The flying foxes do not visit male cones. Consequently, what should be true?

A) The flying foxes are attracted to cycad fruit, and eat the enclosed seeds only by accident.B) Flying foxes are highly susceptible to the effects of the neurotoxins.C) The flying foxes assist the beetles as important pollinating agents of the cycads.D) Flying foxes can be dispersal agents of cycad seeds if the seeds sometimes get swallowed whole (i.e.,

without getting chewed).Answer: DTopic: Concept 30.2Skill: Application/Analysis

40) Native peoples of Guam, such as the Chamorro people, are familiar with the toxicity of cycad tissues, andavoid eating them. They do, however, feast on flying foxes. The Chamorros suffer relatively high incidences ofa neurodegenerative disease similar to Lou Gehrigʹs disease (ALS). Which question follows most logically fromthese observations?

A) Do the fruits of cycads also contain the neurotoxins?B) Do pollen-producing cones produce as much neurotoxin as seed-producing cones?C) Is the neurodegenerative disease of the Chamorros transmitted by the bite of the flying fox, similar to the

way vampire bats can transmit rabies?D) Do flying foxes concentrate the cycad neurotoxins in their tissues?E) Can it be documented whether Lou Gehrig ever traveled to Guam and, if so, did he eat cycad seeds?

Answer: DTopic: Concept 30.2Skill: Synthesis/Evaluation

41) Which structure is common to both gymnosperms and angiosperms?A) stigmaB) carpelC) ovuleD) ovaryE) anthers


42) A botanist discovers a new species of land plant with a dominant sporophyte, chlorophylls a and b, and cellwalls made of cellulose. In assigning this plant to a phylum, which of the following, if present, would be leastuseful?

A) endospermB) seedsC) sperm that lack flagellaD) flowersE) spores

Answer: ETopic: Concepts 30.2, 30.3Skill: Application/Analysis

43) What is true of stamens, sepals, petals, carpels, and pinecone scales?A) They are female reproductive parts.B) None are capable of photosynthesis.C) They are modified leaves.D) They are found on flowers.E) They are found on angiosperms.


44) Reptilian embryos are protected from desiccation by a leathery shell. Similarly, which pair of structuresprotects seed plantsʹ embryos and male gametophytes, respectively, from desiccation?

A) ovules : waxy cuticleB) ovaries : filamentsC) fruits : stamensD) pollen grains : waxy cuticleE) integuments : sporopollenin

Answer: ETopic: Concepts 30.2, 30.3Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension

For the following questions, match the various structures of seed plants with the proper sex and generation (A—D) that most directlyproduces them.

45) scale of ovulate (ovule-bearing) pineconeA) male gametophyteB) female gametophyteC) male sporophyteD) female sporophyte


46) integument of pine seedA) male gametophyteB) female gametophyteC) male sporophyteD) female sporophyte


47) egg cell in the embryo sacA) male gametophyteB) female gametophyteC) male sporophyteD) female sporophyte

Answer: BTopic: Concepts 30.2, 30.3Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension

48) fruitA) male gametophyteB) female gametophyteC) male sporophyteD) female sporophyte


49) pollen tubeA) male gametophyteB) female gametophyteC) male sporophyteD) female sporophyte

Answer: ATopic: Concepts 30.2, 30.3Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension

50) microspores of pollen conesA) male gametophyteB) female gametophyteC) male sporophyteD) female sporophyte


51) megasporangium of pine ovulesA) male gametophyteB) female gametophyteC) male sporophyteD) female sporophyte


52) Given the differences between angiosperms and gymnosperms in the development of the integument(s), whichof these statements is the most logical consequence?

A) The seed coats of angiosperms should be relatively thicker than those of gymnosperms.B) It should be much more difficult for pollen tubes to enter angiosperm ovules than for them to enter

gymnosperm ovules.C) The female gametophytes of angiosperms should not be as well protected from environmental stress as

should those of gymnosperms.D) As a direct consequence of such differences, angiosperms should have fruit.E) Angiosperm seeds should be more susceptible to desiccation.

Answer: ATopic: Concepts 30.2, 30.3Skill: Synthesis/Evaluation

53) Which of the following is a characteristic of all angiosperms?A) complete reliance on wind as the pollinating agentB) double internal fertilizationC) free-living gametophytesD) carpels that contain microsporangiaE) ovules that are not contained within ovaries


54) Which of the following is true concerning flowering plants?A) The flower includes sporoophyte tissue.B) The gametophyte generation is dominant.C) The gametophyte generation is what we see when looking at a large plant.D) The sporophyte generation is not photosynthetic.E) The sporophyte generation consists of relatively few cells within the flower.


The following questions refer to the description below. Match the animal features with the appropriate angiosperm analog.

Oviparous (egg-laying) animals have internal fertilization (sperm cells encounter eggs within the femaleʹs body). Yolkand/or albumen is (are) provided to the embryo, and a shell is then deposited around the embryo and its food source. Eggsare subsequently deposited in an environment that promotes their further development, or are incubated by one or bothparents.

55) The yolk and/or albumen of an animal eggA) endospermB) pollen tube and sperm nucleiC) carpelsD) fruitE) integuments


56) The shell of an animal eggA) endospermB) pollen tube and sperm nucleiC) carpelsD) fruitE) integuments

Answer: ETopic: Concept 30.3Skill: Application/Analysis

57) The internal fertilization that occurs prior to shell depositionA) endospermB) pollen tube and sperm nucleiC) carpelsD) fruitE) integuments


58) The dispersal and/or nurture of young after hatching from the eggA) endospermB) pollen tube and sperm nucleiC) carpelsD) fruitE) integuments


59) What adaptations should one expect of the seed coats of angiosperm species whose seeds are dispersed byfrugivorous (fruit-eating) animals, as opposed to angiosperm species whose seeds are dispersed by othermeans?1. The exterior of the seed coat should have barbs or hooks.2. The seed coat should contain secondary compounds that irritate the lining of the animalʹs mouth.3. The seed coat should be able to withstand low pHʹs.4. The seed coat, upon its complete digestion, should provide vitamins or nutrients to animals.5. The seed coat should be resistant to the animalsʹ digestive enzymes.

A) 4 onlyB) 1 and 2C) 2 and 3D) 3 and 5E) 3, 4, and 5


60) The seeds of orchids are among the smallest known, with virtually no endosperm and with miniscule seedleaves. Consequently, what should one expect to be true of such seeds?

A) They require extensive periods of dormancy during which the embryo develops.B) They are surrounded by brightly colored, sweet fruit.C) They germinate very soon after being released from the ovary.D) The developing embryo within is dependent upon the gametophyte for nutrition.E) The sporophytes that produce such seeds are wind pollinated.


61) Which of the following is a structure of angiosperm gametophytes?A) immature ovulesB) pollen tubesC) ovariesD) stamensE) sepals


62) Which of these statements is true of monocots?A) They are currently thought to be polyphyletic.B) The veins of their leaves form a netlike pattern.C) They, along with the eudicots, magnoliids, and basal angiosperms, are currently placed in the phylum

Anthophyta.D) Each possesses multiple cotyledons.E) They are the clade that includes most of our crops, except the cereal grains.


63) Carpels and stamens areA) sporophyte plants in their own right.B) gametophyte plants in their own right.C) gametes.D) spores.E) modified sporophylls.


64) Which is a true statement about angiosperm carpels?A) Carpels are features of the gametophyte generation.B) Carpels consist of anther and stamen.C) Carpels are structures that directly produce male gametes.D) Carpels surround and nourish the female gametophyte.E) Carpels consist of highly modified microsporangia.


65) The generative cell of male angiosperm gametophytes is haploid. This cell divides to produce two haploidsperm cells. What type of cell division does the generative cell undergo to produce these sperm cells?

A) binary fissionB) mitosisC) meiosisD) mitosis without subsequent cytokinesisE) meiosis without subsequent cytokinesis


66) Angiosperm double fertilization is so-called because it features the formation ofA) two embryos from one egg and two sperm cells.B) one embryo from one egg fertilized by two sperm cells.C) two embryos from two sperm cells and two eggs.D) one embryo involving one sperm cell and of endosperm involving a second sperm cell.E) one embryo from two eggs fertilized by a single sperm cell.


67) Among plants known as legumes (beans, peas, alfalfa, clover, etc.) the seeds are contained in a fruit that is itselfcalled a legume, better known as a pod. Upon opening such pods, it is commonly observed that some ovuleshave become mature seeds, whereas other ovules have not. Thus, which of these statements is/are true?1. The flowers that gave rise to such pods were not pollinated.2. Pollen tubes did not enter all of the ovules in such pods.3. There was apparently not enough endosperm to distribute to all of the ovules in such pods.4. The ovules that failed to develop into seeds were derived from sterile floral parts.5. Fruit can develop, even if all ovules within have not been fertilized.

A) 1 onlyB) 1 and 5C) 2 and 4D) 2 and 5E) 3 and 5

Answer: DTopic: Concept 30.3Skill: Synthesis/Evaluation

68) How have fruits contributed to the success of angiosperms?A) by nourishing the plants that make themB) by facilitating dispersal of seedsC) by attracting insects to the pollen insideD) by producing sperm and eggs inside a protective coatE) by producing triploid cells via double fertilization


69) In flowering plants, meiosis occurs specifically in theA) spore mother cells.B) gametophytes.C) endosperm.D) gametes.E) embryos.


70) Arrange the following structures from largest to smallest, assuming that they belong to two generations of thesame angiosperm.1. ovary2. ovule3. egg4. carpel5. embryo sac

A) 4, 2, 1, 5, 3B) 4, 5, 2, 1, 3C) 5, 4, 3, 1, 2D) 5, 1, 4, 2, 3E) 4, 1, 2, 5, 3

Answer: ETopic: Concept 30.3Skill: Synthesis/Evaluation

71) Which structure(s) must pass through the micropyle for successful fertilization to occur in angiosperms?A) one sperm nucleusB) two sperm nucleiC) the pollen tubeD) A and CE) B and C


In onions (Allium), cells of the sporophyte have 16 chromosomes within each nucleus. Match the number of chromosomes present ineach of the onion tissues listed below.

72) How many chromosomes should be in a tube cell nucleus?A) 4B) 8C) 16D) 24E) 32


73) How many chromosomes should be in an endosperm nucleus?A) 4B) 8C) 16D) 24E) 32


74) How many chromosomes should be in a generative cell nucleus?A) 4B) 8C) 16D) 24E) 32


75) How many chromosomes should be in an embryo sac nucleus?A) 4B) 8C) 16D) 24E) 32


76) How many chromosomes should be in an embryo nucleus?A) 4B) 8C) 16D) 24E) 32


77) How many chromosomes should be in a megasporangium nucleus?A) 4B) 8C) 16D) 24E) 32


78) Hypothetically, one of the major benefits of double fertilization in angiosperms is toA) decrease the potential for mutation by insulating the embryo with other cells.B) increase the number of fertilization events and offspring produced.C) promote diversity in flower shape and color.D) coordinate developmental timing between the embryo and its food stores.E) emphasize embryonic survival by increasing embryo size.


79) Which of the following flower parts develops into a seed?A) ovuleB) ovaryC) fruitD) styleE) stamen


80) Which of the following flower parts develops into the pulp of a fleshy fruit?A) stigmaB) styleC) ovuleD) ovaryE) micropyle


81) Angiosperms are the most successful terrestrial plants. Which of these features is unique to them and helpsaccount for their success?

A) wind pollinationB) dominant gametophytesC) fruits enclosing seedsD) embryos enclosed within seed coatsE) sperm cells without flagella


82) A plant whose reproductive parts produce nectar is also most likely toA) have brightly colored reproductive parts.B) produce sweet-tasting fruit.C) rely on wind pollination.D) have no parts that can perform photosynthesis.E) suffer significant seed loss to sugar-seeking insects.


83) In a typical angiosperm, what is the sequence of structures encountered by the tip of a growing pollen tube onits way to the egg?1. micropyle2. style3. ovary4. stigma

A) 4 → 2 → 3 → 1B) 4 → 3 → 2 → 1C) 1 → 4 → 2 → 3D) 1 → 3 → 4 → 2E) 3 → 2 → 4 → 1


84) Many mammals have skins and mucous membranes that are sensitive to phenolic secretions of plants likepoison oak (Rhus). These secondary compounds are primarily adaptations that

A) prevent desiccation.B) favor pollination.C) foster seed dispersal.D) decrease competition.E) inhibit herbivory.


85) Which feature of honeybees probably arose under the mutual evolutionary influence of insect-pollinatedflowering plants?

A) possessing three pairs of legsB) possessing a metabolism whose rate is influenced by environmental temperatureC) possessing an exoskeleton made of chitinD) possessing an abdomen that is densely covered with short bristlesE) possessing an ovipositor modified as a non-reusable stinger


86) The fruit of the mistletoe, a parasitic angiosperm, is a one-seeded berry. In members of the genus Viscum, theoutside of the seed is viscous (sticky), which permits the seed to adhere to surfaces, such as the branches of hostplants or the beaks of birds. What should be expected of the fruit if the viscosity of Viscum seeds is primarily anadaptation for dispersal rather than an adaptation for infecting host plant tissues?

A) It should be drab in color.B) It should be colored so as to provide it with camouflage.C) It should be nutritious.D) It should secrete enzymes that can digest bark.E) It should contain chemicals that cause birds to fly to the ground and vomit.


For the following questions, match the adaptations of the various fruits below with the most likely means used by the fruit to disperse theseeds contained within the fruit (A-E).

87) The fruit is made of material high in calories.A) animal skin, fur, or feathersB) animal digestive tractC) water currentsD) gravity and terrainE) air currents


88) The fruit is covered with spines or hooks.A) animal skin, fur, or feathersB) animal digestive tractC) water currentsD) gravity and terrainE) air currents


89) The fruit contains an air bubble.A) animal skin, fur, or feathersB) animal digestive tractC) water currentsD) gravity and terrainE) air currents


90) The fruit has a heavy weight and spheroidal shape.A) animal skin, fur, or feathersB) animal digestive tractC) water currentsD) gravity and terrainE) air currents


91) The fruit has light, fibrous plumes.A) animal skin, fur, or feathersB) animal digestive tractC) water currentsD) gravity and terrainE) air currents

Answer: ETopic: Concept 30.3Skill: Application/Analysis

92) Over human history, which process has been most important in improving the features of plants that have longbeen used by humans as staple foods?

A) genetic engineeringB) artificial selectionC) natural selectionD) sexual selectionE) pesticide and herbicide application


93) What is the greatest threat to plant diversity?A) insectsB) grazing and browsing by animalsC) pathogenic fungiD) competition with other plantsE) human population growth


94) Which of the following is not a valid argument for preserving tropical forests?A) People in the tropics do not need to increase agricultural output.B) Many organisms are becoming extinct.C) Plants that are possible sources of medicines are being lost.D) Plants that could be developed into new crops are being lost.E) Clearing land for agriculture results in soil destruction.


95) A botanist was visiting a tropical region for the purpose of discovering plants with medicinal properties. All ofthe following might be ways of identifying potentially useful plants except

A) observing which plants sick animals seek out.B) observing which plants are the most used food plants.C) observing which plants animals do not eat.D) collecting plants and subjecting them to chemical analysis.E) asking local people which plants they use as medicine.


Self-Quiz Questions1) Where in an angiosperm would you find a megasporangium?

A) in the style of a flowerB) inside the tip of a pollen tubeC) enclosed in the stigma of a flowerD) within an ovule contained within an ovary of a flowerE) packed into pollen sacs within the anthers found on a stamen

Answer: DTopic:Skill:

2) A fruit is most commonlyA) a mature ovary.B) a thickened style.C) an enlarged ovule.D) a modified root.E) a mature female gametophyte.

Answer: ATopic:Skill:

3) With respect to angiosperms, which of the following is incorrectly paired with its chromosome count?A) egg–nB) megaspore–2nC) microspore–nD) zygote–2nE) sperm–n

Answer: BTopic:Skill:

4) Which of the following is not a characteristic that distinguishes gymnosperms and angiosperms from otherplants?

A) alternation of generationsB) ovulesC) integumentsD) pollenE) dependent gametophytes

Answer: ATopic:Skill:

5) Gymnosperms and angiosperms have the following in common exceptA) seeds.B) pollen.C) vascular tissue.D) ovaries.E) ovules.

Answer: DTopic:Skill:

6) Use the letters A-D to label where on the phylogenetic tree each of the following derived characters appeared.A) flowersB) embryosC) seedsD) vascular tissue

Answer:

Topic:Skill:

chapter 30 plant diversity ii: the evolution of seed...

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