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Chapter 3

The Biosphere

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Chapter 3 section 1

What is Ecology?

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Organisms, Populations, Communities

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Organisms, Populations, Communities

Organisms individual living things

Species groups of organism thatcan breed to make new offspring thatare fertile

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organism

population

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Populations All the members of the

same species living inthe same place at thesame time

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Communities Different populations living i

same place

Interact

Only consists of the living (bi

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Ecosystem

Consists of the community and allthe nonliving parts

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BIOMES

A group ofecosystems that

share similar climates

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BIOSPHERE

The land, thewater, the airand all theliving things

and non livingthings thatexist there.

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Any group of living and non-livingthings interacting with each other

Can be as small as a puddle or as

large as the Earth

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Living and non Living Parts Biotic factors are the living parts

of the environment

Abiotic factorsare thenonliving partsof theenvironment

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Biotic

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Abiotic

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Chapter 3 secti

Energy, Producers, andConsumers

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Source of energy

Producers Able to convertthe energy of thesun or chemicalsto make food

Examples plants, algae,some bacteria

consumers Obtain energyfrom eatingplantsor otheranimals

Examples goats,spiders, bears,humans

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Producers

With light Able to make

their own food

from lightenergy

Known as

Autotrophs or

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Producers

Without li

Chemosynthesis organismstakeenergy in

chemicalsandconvert

that into

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Producers other than plants

Algae It is estimatedthat 70-80 % ofearths oxygen

comes from theocean

Chemosynthesis

Some organismuse chemicalslike hydrogen

sulfide to make

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Types of Consumers herbivores

Obtain theirenergy from

eating plantroots, leaves,fruit, nuts, seeds

Cows, sheep,antelope,grasshoppers

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Types of Consumers carnivore

Obtain theirenergy from

killing and eatingother animals

Lions, hawk,whale, shark

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Types of Consumers omnivore

Obtain theirenergy from

eating bothplants andanimals

Bears, pigs,raccoons, rats,humans

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Types of Consumers decomposer

Obtain their energyby breaking down

organic material intodetritus

Detritus small piecesof dead organisms

They return nutrientsto the soil, air, andwater

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Types of Consumers detrivore

Obtain their energyby breaking down

detritus particles intosmaller pieces

Worms, maggots,snails

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Types of Consumers scavangers

Obtain their energyby consuming the

remains of deadorganisms that theydid not kill