chapter 3 the ancient israelites. chapter 3, section 1 the first israelites (pages 80–85) setting...

Chapter 3Chapter 3

The Ancient IsraelitesThe Ancient Israelites

Chapter 3, Section 1

The First Israelites(Pages 80–85)

Setting a Purpose for Reading Think about these questions as you read:• What did the Israelites believe?• Where was the Promised Land of the Israelites, and how did they return there?

Copyright © by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.

Chapter 3, Section 1Chapter 3, Section 1 The First Israelites The First Israelites

Terms to KnowTerms to Know►monotheism: belief in one god; ►tribe: a unit of society made up of

family groups; ►Torah: Jewish religious law; ►covenant: a formal agreement


People to MeetPeople to Meet►Abraham: the father of the

Israelites;►Jacob: grandson of Abraham and

father of the 12 tribes of Israel; ►Moses: man who led the Israelites

out of slavery in Egypt

Class Notes & Discussion


Sum It UpSum It Up►What covenant was described in the

Torah?

►The Torah described God’s agreement with the Jewish people—his promise to return the Israelites to Canaan if they followed his laws.

Chapter 3, Section 1 Chapter 3, Section 1 The Promised LandThe Promised Land

Terms to KnowTerms to Know►alphabet: a group of letters that

stands for sounds

Chapter 3, Section 1 Chapter 3, Section 1 The Promised LandThe Promised Land

People to MeetPeople to Meet

►Phoenicians: group of Canaanites who lived in cities along the Mediterranean;

►Deborah: Israelite judge who defeated King Jabin and his army

Chapter 3, Section 1 The First Israelites

Reading StrategyReading Strategy

CanaanMesopotamia Egypt

Canaan

As you read pages 81–85 in your textbook, complete this sequence chart to trace the movement of the Israelites.

Sinai Desert

Chapter 3, Section 1Chapter 3, Section 1 The Promised Land The Promised Land

Sum It UpSum It Up►Who led the Israelites into

Canaan, and what city did they conquer under his leadership?

Joshua led the Israelites into Canaan. They conquered Jericho.

Chapter 3, Section 1 Chapter 3, Section 1

Section Wrap UpSection Wrap UpWhat did the Israelites believe?►The Israelites believed in one god

and followed the laws from the Torah, including the Ten Commandments.

Chapter 3, Section 1 Chapter 3, Section 1

Section Wrap UpSection Wrap Up►Where was the Promised Land of

the Israelites, and how did they return there?

►The Israelites returned to Canaan, their Promised Land, when God delivered them from slavery in Egypt.

Chapter 3

Section 2 – The Kingdom of Israel


The Kingdom of IsraelThe Kingdom of Israel(Pages 86–92)

Setting a Purpose for Reading Think about these questions as you read:• Why did the Israelites choose to follow kings instead of judges?• Who was King David and why was he important?• Why were the Israelites conquered?

Chapter 3, Section 2Chapter 3, Section 2 The Kingdom of Israel The Kingdom of Israel

Terms to KnowTerms to Know

►prophet: person who claims to hear and speak words from God


People to MeetPeople to Meet►Philistines: strongest people living

in Canaan; enemies of the Israelites;

►Saul: Israel’s first king; ►David: shepherd chosen by God to

replace Saul as king


Academic VocabularyAcademic Vocabulary►instruct: to teach, to direct

Class Notes & Discussion


Sum It UpSum It Up►Why did the Israelites want a

king?►The Israelites wanted a king to

unite and lead them against their enemies, the Philistines.

Chapter 3, Section 2Chapter 3, Section 2 David and Solomon David and Solomon

SummarizingSummarizingAs you read, complete the following sentences. Doing so will help

you summarize the section.

1. David defeated the giant Philistine named ______________ with a ______________. As David won more victories ______________ became jealous and plotted to ______________ David.

2. David took over the throne in about ______________, when Saul and his sons were ______________ in battle.

Goliathslingshot

killed

kill

1000 B.C.

Saul

Chapter 3, Section 2Chapter 3, Section 2 David and Solomon David and Solomon

SummarizingSummarizing3. David created an empire and established

the capital of ______________. His son ______________ built a great temple there.

4. When Solomon died, the 12 tribes broke into two nations: ______________ and ______________.

JerusalemSolomon

IsraelJudah

Chapter 3, Section 2Chapter 3, Section 2 David and SolomonDavid and Solomon

Terms to KnowTerms to Know►empire: a nation that rules several

other nations; ►tribute: money or enslaved

persons given to a stronger ruler; ►proverbs: wise sayings


Places to LocatePlaces to Locate►Jerusalem: the capital of Israel

established by David, later became the capital of Judah;

►Judah: smaller kingdom that broke away from Israel, founded by two tribes in the south


Academic VocabularyAcademic Vocabulary►expand: to make bigger; ►symbol: an image or object used to

represent something else


Sum It UpSum It Up►Why did Solomon tax the people

so heavily?

Solomon taxed the people so heavily Solomon taxed the people so heavily in order to pay for the temple and in order to pay for the temple and other buildings he built in other buildings he built in JerusalemJerusalem

Chapter 3, Section 2 A Troubled TimeChapter 3, Section 2 A Troubled Time

SequencingSequencing► As you read, place the following events in the correct order

by numbering them in the spaces provided.

____ The Egyptians conquer Judah ____ The Jews unite with the Egyptians to fight the Chaldeans ____ King Nebuchadnezzar captures Jerusalem ____ The Assyrians conquer Israel and scatter the 10 tribes ____ Nebuchadnezzar takes the Jews into captivity in Babylon ____ The Assyrians become known as Samaritans and eventually worship Israel’s God ____ The Chaldeans conquer Egypt

35

617

2

4


People to MeetPeople to Meet►Nebuchadnezzar: Chaldean king

who defeated Judah and captured Israel

Chapter 3, Section 2 A Troubled Time Chapter 3, Section 2 A Troubled Time

Academic VocabularyAcademic Vocabulary►route: a road or way for travel

Chapter 3, Section 2 The Kingdom of Israel

Reading StrategyReading Strategy

Location Israel

Capital City

Date Conquered

Conquered By

Judah

North South

772 B.C. 620 B.C.

Assyrians Egyptians


Sum It UpSum It Up►Why did the Assyrians and

Chaldeans want to control the land belonging to the Israelites?The Assyrians and Chaldeans were The Assyrians and Chaldeans were building their own empires in building their own empires in southwest Asia. They wanted to southwest Asia. They wanted to control trade routes that ran control trade routes that ran through the Israelite kingdom.through the Israelite kingdom.

Chapter 3, Section 2 Egypt’s Old KingdomChapter 3, Section 2 Egypt’s Old Kingdom

Section Wrap-UpSection Wrap-UpNow that you have read the section, write the answers to the Now that you have read the section, write the answers to the

questions that were included in questions that were included in Setting a Purpose for Reading Setting a Purpose for Reading at the beginning of the lesson.at the beginning of the lesson.

Why did the Israelites choose to follow kings instead of judges?

►Israelites choose to follow kings Israelites choose to follow kings instead of judges instead of judges because they wanted a strong leader to unify them and protect them from their enemies.


Section Wrap-UpSection Wrap-UpWho was King David and why was he

important?►King David is considered the greatest King David is considered the greatest

king of Israel. He conquered king of Israel. He conquered neighboring nations, created an empire, neighboring nations, created an empire, and established the capital of and established the capital of Jerusalem.Jerusalem.


Section Wrap-UpSection Wrap-UpWhy were the Israelites conquered?►The powerful Assyrians and The powerful Assyrians and

Chaldeans threatened the weakened Chaldeans threatened the weakened Israelites. They wanted to control Israelites. They wanted to control the trade routes through Israel. The the trade routes through Israel. The Israelites were conquered by the Israelites were conquered by the Assyrians in 722 B.C.Assyrians in 722 B.C.

Chapter 3

Section 3 – The Growth of Judaism


The Growth of JudaismThe Growth of Judaism(Pages 93–102)

Setting a Purpose for Reading Think about these questions as you read:• How did Judaism grow in the period following their exile?• Why did the Romans destroy the temple and exile the Jews?

Chapter 3, Section 3 The Growth of Judaism Chapter 3, Section 3 The Growth of Judaism

Reading StrategyReading StrategyAs you read page 96 in your textbook, complete this diagram to describe the Maccabees.

Led by priest named Judas Maccabeus

Rebelled against Antiochus and fled

Formed an army called the MaccabeesDrove the Greeks out of Judah and destroyed all traces of Greek gods in their temple

Restored their temple to worship of their God

Remembered in the celebration of HanukkahBecame new ruler of Judah

Chapter 3, Section 3 Exile and ReturnChapter 3, Section 3 Exile and Return

OutliningOutliningI. Why Did Jews Return to Judah?

A. ___________________________

B. ____________________________

The Persian king Cyrus allowed the Jews to return to Judah.

Persians controlled the government, so Jews looked to their religion forleadership.


OutliningOutliningII. What Is in the Hebrew Bible?

A. ___________________________

B.____________________________

Thirty-nine books including Jewish history and the Torah.

The Jews believed that God had a special role for them in history.


OutliningOutliningIII. The Jews Look to the Future

A. ___________________________

B. ____________________________

The Bible describes God’s plans for a peaceful future.

The Jews believed that good would ultimately triumph over evil.


Terms to KnowTerms to Know►exile: forced removal from a

native country;►Sabbath: weekly day of worship

and rest;►synagogue: Jewish place of

worship


Places to LocatePlaces to Locate►Babylon:Babylon: the land of exile for the the land of exile for the

JewsJews


Academic VocabularyAcademic Vocabulary►series: objects or events that come

one after the other; ►symbol: an image or object used to

represent something else


Terms to ReviewTerms to Review►Scribe:Scribe: A Jewish scribe named A Jewish scribe named

Ezra helped write the first five Ezra helped write the first five books of the Torah.books of the Torah.


Sum It UpSum It UpWho allowed the Jews to return to Who allowed the Jews to return to

Judah?Judah?

Cyrus allowed the Jews to return to Cyrus allowed the Jews to return to Judah.Judah.

Chapter 3, Section 3 The Jews and the GreeksChapter 3, Section 3 The Jews and the Greeks

QuestioningQuestioning►As you read, write three questions about the

main ideas presented in the text. After you have finished reading, write the answers to these questions.

►Student questions should be based on the main ideas in the text, including the influence of the Greeks on the Jews, the Diaspora, the Maccabees, and Hanukkah.


Terms to KnowTerms to Know►Diaspora:Diaspora: term referring to the term referring to the

scattered people of Israelscattered people of Israel


People to MeetPeople to Meet►Judas Maccabeus: priest who led

the rebellion against Antiochus and the new ruler of Judah

Chapter 3, Section 3 The Jews and the GreeksChapter 3, Section 3 The Jews and the Greeks Academic VocabularyAcademic Vocabulary►version: translation from another

language;►trace: visible evidence


Sum It UpSum It UpHow did Alexander the Great affect the How did Alexander the Great affect the

Israelites?Israelites?► Alexander the Great introduced Alexander the Great introduced

the Israelites to Greek language and the Israelites to Greek language and culture. Jews who learned Greek culture. Jews who learned Greek translated the Hebrew Bible. This translated the Hebrew Bible. This helped people who were not Jews helped people who were not Jews understand Jewish history and ideas.understand Jewish history and ideas.

Chapter 3, Section 3 The Jewish Way of LifeChapter 3, Section 3 The Jewish Way of Life

Determining the Main IdeaDetermining the Main Idea

Jewish law set out rules for livingJews placed great importance on family

Jews followed strict dietary lawsEducation was very important, including

religious education for boys

Jewish law forbade mixing some fabrics

Chapter 3, Section 3 The Jewish Way of Life Chapter 3, Section 3 The Jewish Way of Life

Academic VocabularyAcademic Vocabulary►affect:affect: to cause a change or have to cause a change or have

an impact on; an impact on; ►community:community: a group of people a group of people

living in the same placeliving in the same place

Chapter 3, Section 3 The Jewish Way of Life Chapter 3, Section 3 The Jewish Way of Life

Sum It UpSum It UpWhy were sons especially valued in

Jewish society?► Sons were especially valued in

Jewish society because they carried on the family name and became head of the family upon the father’s death.

Chapter 3, Section 3 The Jews and the RomansChapter 3, Section 3 The Jews and the Romans

Monitoring ComprehensionMonitoring Comprehension 1. What did Herod do as king?►Herod was cruel. He made the Herod was cruel. He made the

temple very grand, ruled when temple very grand, ruled when Jesus was born, and he allowed Jesus was born, and he allowed Jewish rulers to run Judah.Jewish rulers to run Judah.


Monitoring ComprehensionMonitoring Comprehension 2. 2. Why were the Jews unable to Why were the Jews unable to

regain control over their Roman regain control over their Roman rulers?rulers?

►The Jews were unable to regain The Jews were unable to regain control over their Roman rulers control over their Roman rulers because they were splintered into because they were splintered into different groups.different groups.


Monitoring ComprehensionMonitoring Comprehension 3. 3. Who were the Pharisees?Who were the Pharisees?►The Pharisees taught the Torah The Pharisees taught the Torah

and how to apply it to daily life.and how to apply it to daily life.


Monitoring ComprehensionMonitoring Comprehension 4. 4. Who were the Sadducees?Who were the Sadducees?►The Sadducees were priests and The Sadducees were priests and

scribes concerned with the law in scribes concerned with the law in the Temple.the Temple.


Monitoring ComprehensionMonitoring Comprehension 5. 5. Who were the Essenes?Who were the Essenes?►The Essenes were priests who The Essenes were priests who

broke away from the temple and broke away from the temple and lived in the desert praying for lived in the desert praying for God’s deliverance.God’s deliverance.


Monitoring ComprehensionMonitoring Comprehension 6. 6. What were the cause and results What were the cause and results

of the Jewish revolts?of the Jewish revolts?►Jewish hatred of the Romans led Jewish hatred of the Romans led

to the revolts. The revolts led to to the revolts. The revolts led to the death of thousands, the the death of thousands, the destruction of the temple, and destruction of the temple, and exile. The Romans renamed Judah exile. The Romans renamed Judah Palestine.Palestine.


Monitoring ComprehensionMonitoring Comprehension 7. 7. What role did rabbis play in What role did rabbis play in

Jewish society?Jewish society?►Rabbis were teachers of the Torah Rabbis were teachers of the Torah

who held an important place in who held an important place in Jewish society. They developed Jewish society. They developed the Talmud to pass on teachings the Talmud to pass on teachings about the Torah.about the Torah.

Chapter 3, Section 3 The Jews and the Romans Chapter 3, Section 3 The Jews and the Romans

Terms to KnowTerms to Know►messiahmessiah: : a deliverer sent by God;a deliverer sent by God; ►rabbirabbi: : teacher of Jewish lawteacher of Jewish law►TalmudTalmud: the combined teachings : the combined teachings

of the Torahof the Torah


People to MeetPeople to Meet►Herod:Herod: Roman king who ruled over Roman king who ruled over

Judaea;Judaea;►Zealots:Zealots: Jews who wanted to fight the Jews who wanted to fight the

Romans for their freedom;Romans for their freedom; ►Johanan ben Zakkai:Johanan ben Zakkai: Jewish rabbi Jewish rabbi

who founded a school in northern who founded a school in northern Palestine that became a center of Palestine that became a center of Torah studiesTorah studies


Academic VocabularyAcademic Vocabulary►expand: expand: to make bigger;to make bigger; ►despite: despite: in spite ofin spite of


Sum It UpSum It Up►How did the Roman conquest

affect the Jews?

►Ultimately, the Roman conquest Ultimately, the Roman conquest resulted in loss of Jewish lives, as resulted in loss of Jewish lives, as well as their homeland and temple.well as their homeland and temple.

Chapter 3, Section 3 Chapter 3, Section 3 The Growth of Judaism The Growth of Judaism

Section Wrap-UpSection Wrap-UpNow that you have read the section, write the answers to the Now that you have read the section, write the answers to the

questions that were included in questions that were included in Setting a Purpose for Setting a Purpose for Reading Reading at the beginning of the lesson.at the beginning of the lesson.

How did Judaism grow in the period How did Judaism grow in the period following their exile?following their exile?

► Jews who were scattered to other lands learned Greek and translated their Bible so that other people could learn about Jewish ideas.

Chapter 3, Section 3Chapter 3, Section 3 The Growth of Judaism The Growth of Judaism

Section Wrap-UpSection Wrap-UpWhy did the Romans destroy the Why did the Romans destroy the

temple and exile the Jews?temple and exile the Jews?

The Romans destroyed the temple The Romans destroyed the temple and exiled the Jews to crush the and exiled the Jews to crush the Jews spirit and prevent further Jews spirit and prevent further uprising.uprising.

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