chapter 3 review - boyd county public schools i chapter 3... · carmen lomas garza is a famous...

Spanish I CHAPTER 3 REVIEW

GeoCultura

&

Notas

Culturas

CULTURA

GEOCULTURA- TEXAS

Places to know:

• Austin (capital)

• Dallas

• San Antonio

• Houston

• El Paso

• El Parque Nacional Big Bend

• El Valle de Texas

• Isla Padre

• Mexico

• Gulf of Mexico

During it’s history, Texas has been ruled over by 6 governments:

France

Spain (Spain gained control of Texas from France)

Mexico (after winning independence from Spain in 1821)

The Republic of Texas (after winning independence from Mexico in 1836)

The United States (1845 Texas became the 28 th state)

The Confederate States of America (in 1861, Texas seceded from the Union and joined the confederacy during the Civil War)

The United States (Texas was readmitted into the Union in 1870)

The state fruit is the red-grapefruit, which is grown in El Valle de Texas.

The cowboy tradition is sti l l strong in Texas.

3 in every 10 Texas claim to be of Hispanic decent. Because of this, most businesses in Texas have employees that speak Spanish & English. These business are often identified with a sign that says Se habla español .

GEOCULTURA PAGES 76-79

Important places:

Austin- capital of Texas

Dallas- center of international trade

San Antonio- a multicultural city that is known for it’s famous river

walk (Paseo del Rio).

Houston- The port of Houston handles the largest amount of

international sea trade in the United States.

La Isla del Padre- a beautiful island located off the coast of Texas

that extends for 113 miles.

El Parque Nacional Big Bend- a large national park in which the Rio

Grande forms the shape of a U

Art:

Carmen Lomas Garza is a famous Chicana artist whose paintings

depict the daily lives of Mexican-Americans. She painted Tamalada.


Comida: Quesadillas are just one of the many Mexican foods that have influenced

Tejana (Texas-Mexican) food.

Barbecue is another style of food that is typical in Texas.

Tostaditas (Chips) & salsa are the official state appetizer of Texas.

Chile con carne (Chile) is the official state dish of Texas.

Celebrations: El Cinco de Mayo is a yearly celebration held in Texas and Mexico on May 5 th.

This festival commemorates the Battle of Puebla, a symbolic battle in the unity of Mexico.

Rodeo is a famous Cowboy tradition that practices the art of riding and controlling horses. The competitive rodeo (which means round-up in Spanish) originated in Texas in 1888.

Music Conjunto music is a popular dance music that originated in Southern

Texas/Northern Mexico. In began in the late 19 th century when European settlers brought their eastern European traditions to the area. This style of music is a blend of traditional waltzes & polkas that have been adapted to the Mexican & Tejano styles of music. The main instrument used in Conjunto music is the accordion.


Latin American students who want to participate in sports programs, typically participate in clubs or community organizations. Latin American high schools do not typically have organized sports teams so students have to participate in outside associations.

Latin American teens typically introduce their friends to their parents before they go out with them. When meeting a friends parents, teens will tell their friends parents where they are going and when they will return.

In Latin America, when inviting someone to go out, the person who invites friends to go out with him or her will usually pay for everything. If they want everyone to pay for themselves, then they invite them a la americana. Young peoples will sometimes pool their money together and split the expense between them.

NOTAS CULTURAS (PAGES 84, 90, 96)

• Pronouns

after

prepositions

• Gustar with

infinitives

• Present

Tense

• Weather

expressions

GRAMÁTICA

PRONOUNS AFTER PREPOSITIONS

(PAGE 88)

Pronouns take the place of a noun.

There are several dif ferent forms of pronouns.

Subject pronouns: take the place of a subject

Pronouns with Gustar: The pronouns are used before a from of

gustar to help identify who likes something.

After prepositions: These a pronouns that follow a preposition.

De- of/from

A- to

Con- with

En- in/on/at


Subject Pronouns Pronouns used with Gustar Pronouns after Prepositions

I

You

(informal)

You (formal)

He

She

We

You

(informal)

You (formal)

They


Subject Pronouns Pronouns used with Gustar Pronouns after Prepositions

I yo me mí

You

(informal) tú te ti

You (formal) usted le usted

He él le él

She ella le ella

We Nosotros (as) nos Nosotros (as)

You

(informal) Vosotros(as) os Vosotros(as)

You (formal) ustedes les ustedes

They Ellos(as) les Ellos(as)


Notice that the subject pronouns and the pronouns used after

prepositions are exactly the same except for The pronouns mí

and ti.

The pronouns mí and ti combine with the preposition con

(with) to make special forms

Conmigo- with me

Contigo- with you (informal)

When using the verb gustar , the phrase a + subject is used to

clarify or emphasize who likes something in a sentence.

A mí me gusta dibujar.

A mí in used in this sentence to emphasize.

A ella le gusta cantar.

A ella is used to clarify who likes something in this sentence.


THE VERB GUSTAR- TO LIKE

(CHAPTER 2 & PAGE 86)


Singular (object) or when

followed by and infinitive

Plural (object)

I like

You (tú) like

You (usted) like

He likes

She likes

We like

You (vosotros) like

You (ustedes) like

They like


Singular (object) or when

followed by and infinitive

Plural (object)

I like Me gusta Me gustan

You (tú) like Te gusta Te gustan

You (usted) like Le gusta Le gustan

He likes Le gusta Le gustan

She likes Le gusta Le gustan

We like Nos gusta Nos gustan

You (vosotros) like Os gusta Os gustan

You (ustedes) like Les gusta Les gustan

They like Les gusta Les gustan


The verb Gustar is used to say what people l ike.

If the thing someone likes is singular (pizza), then gusta is used.

If someone likes to do something (to drive), then gusta is used

If the thing someone likes is plural (vegetables), then gustan is used.

There are 6 pronouns (me/te/le/nos/os/les) used before the verb gustar to say who likes something. Look at the following slide to see the 6 pronouns.

Notice that le can stand for you (usted) l ike, he l ikes, and she l ikes. Also, les can stand for you (ustedes) l ike and they l ike. To clarify who is being talked about, use a + name(s) .

A Maria le gustan las verduras.

A Maria y A Juan les gusta la pizza.

A Maria y A mí nos gusta la pizza.


CONTINUED (PAGE 62)

Put the word no before the pronoun to say don’t or doesn’t . I don’t like movies.

No me gustan las películas.

Juan doesn’t like to run.

A Juan no le gusta correr.

To ask what someone likes, put the question word qué before the pronoun. What do you like?

¿Qué te gusta?

To ask who likes something, use a quién or a quiénes before the correct form of Gustar . ¿A quién le gustan las verduras?

¿A quiénes les gusta la pizza?

To ask why, use ¿Por qué? Why do you like sports?

¿Por qué te gustan los deportes?

To answer because , use porque I like sports because they are interesting.

Me gustan los deportes porque son interesantes.

What is an infinitive?

Infinitives are the base for of the verb. The infinitive tells the meaning of the verb without naming a subject.

In English, the infinitive is identified as to+action: Example: to run

In Spanish, there are 3 types of infinitives, ending in:

-AR: cantar

-ER: comer

-IR: escribir

An infinitive can be used after the verb Gustar to tell what someone likes to do . In this case, the Gusta form of Gustar is used.

I like to play sports.

Me gusta jugar los deportes.

She likes to sing.

A ella le gusta cantar.

INFINITIVES

PRESENT TENSE

Present tense is used to describe actions that occur in the

Present

I run

I am running

I do run

Do I run?

Every verb in Spanish has a stem followed by an ending.

The stem is everything before the ending and tells the verb’s

meaning. The ending in Spanish can tell you who is the

subject. The infinitive ending doesn’t name a subject.

Cantar to sing

Canto I sing

Cantamos we sing

PRESENT TENSE

To conjugate a verb means to change the verbs from the

infinitive form to match the subject.

To conjugate a verb in Spanish in Present Tense:

1. Drop the ending from the infinitive (the –ar, -er, or –ir)

2. Add the ending that matches the particular subject

The following slide will show all the present tense endings…

PRESENT TENSE

-AR verbs -ER verbs -IR verbs

yo

tú

usted

él

ella

Nosotros (as)

Vosotros(as)

ustedes

Ellos(as)

PRESENT TENSE


yo -o -o -o

tú -as -es -es

usted -a -e -e

él -a -e -e

ella -a -e -e

Nosotros (as) -amos -emos -imos

Vosotros(as) -áis -éis -ís

ustedes -an -en -en

Ellos(as) -an -en -en

PRESENT TENSE

Since the ending of the verb can tell the subject, the subjects for yo, tú, nosotros, & vosotros can be omitted because their verb endings ONLY match their subjects.

These subjects or their subject pronouns can be added to emphasize or clarify who is being talked about.

Ana y yo cantamos. (Ana & I sing)

Cantamos. (We sing)

PRESENT TENSE


yo -o -o -o

tú -as -es -es

Nosotros (as) -amos -emos -imos

Vosotros(as) -áis -éis -ís

The subjects usted, él, and ella share the same ending and

the subjects ustedes and ellos share the same endings.

Therefor, the subject MUST be used to clarify!

Cantan (They sing or you sing)

Ellos cantan. (The sing)

Ana y usted cantan. (Ana and you sing)

PRESENT TENSE


usted -a -e -e

él -a -e -e

ella -a -e -e

ustedes -an -en -en

ellos -an -en -en

English Spanish English Spanish

I work We works

You work You works

You (ud.) work You (uds.) work

He works They work

She works

PRESENT TENSE

TRABAJAR- TO WORK


I work Trabajo We works Trabajamos

You work Trabajas You works Trabajáis

You (ud.) work Usted trabaja You (uds.) work Ustedes trabajan

He works Él trabaja They work Ellos trabajan

She works Ella trabaja

PRESENT TENSE

TRABAJAR- TO WORK

Some verbs are referred to as Stem-changing verbs.

In these cases, the stem of the verb (everything before the

ending) will change in all forms except nosotros & vosotros

(This is known as the BOOT shape)

There are 4 types of stem-changes in Spanish.

e ie

e i

o ue

u ue (VERY RARE)

PRESENT TENSE


I play We play

You play You play

You (ud.) play You (uds.) play

He plays They play

She plays

PRESENT TENSE

JUGAR (U;UE)- TO PLAY


I play Juego We play Jugamos

You play Juegas You play Jugáis

You (ud.) play Usted juega You (uds.) play Ustedes juegan

He plays Él juega They play Ellos juegan

She plays Ella juega

PRESENT TENSE

JUGAR (U;UE)- TO PLAY


I want We want

You want You want

You (ud.) want You (uds.) want

He wants They want

She wants

PRESENT TENSE

QUERER (E;IE)- TO WANT


I want Quiero We want Queremos

You want Quieres You want Queréis

You (ud.) want Usted quiere You (uds.) want Ustedes quieren

He wants Él quiere They want Ellos quieren

She wants Ella quiere

PRESENT TENSE

QUERER (E;IE)- TO WANT

Some verbs are irregular and MUST be completely memorized!

Ir- to go is one such verb.

The following slide shows the conjugation of the verb ir- to go

PRESENT TENSE


I go We go

You go You go

You (ud.) go You (uds.) go

He goes They go

She goes

PRESENT TENSE

IR- TO GO


I go voy We go vamos

You go vas You go vais

You (ud.) go Usted va You (uds.) go Ustedes van

He goes Él va They go Ellos van

She goes Ella va

PRESENT TENSE

IR- TO GO

The preposition a is used after the verbs ir and jugar .

After the verb ir , a is used to mean to.

Voy a la iglesia.

I go to the church.

After the verb jugar , a is used with a sport.

Jugamos al golf.

We play golf.

Remember that the preposition a combines with the definite

article el to make al .

PRESENT TENSE

WEATHER EXPRESSIONS

(PAGE 102)

What’s the weather like?

The weather is nice.

The weather is bad.

It is hot.

It is cool.

It is cold.

It is sunny.

It is windy.

¿Qué tiempo hace?

Hace buen tiempo.

Hace mal tiempo.

Hace calor.

Hace fresco.

Hace frío.

Hace sol.

Hace viento.

WEATHER EXPRESSIONS

(PAGE 102)

Notice that ALL of these weather expressions come from the verb hacer- to do/make.

Hace means it makes, meaning the weather makes.

Other weather expressions use the infinitive of the verb to make

various weather expressions.

Llover- to rain

Llueve- It rains

Está lloviendo- It is raining (at that moment)

Va a llover- It is going to rain.

Nevar- to snow

Nieva- It snows

Está nevando- It is snowing (at that moment)

Va a nevar- It is going to snow

When discussion weather expressions, the word cuando is used to

say when.

WEATHER EXPRESSIONS

(PAGE 102)

VOCABULARIO & VERBS TO KNOW

¡Exprésate! & Más Vocabulario boxes on pages 83, 85, 95, 96

Page 111

Chapter 3/Part I Vocabulary List

Chapter 3/Part II Vocabulary List

Know how to conjugate a regular ar, er, or ir verb

Know the conjugations for the following stem-changing or

irregular verbs

Ir- to go

Jugar (u;ue) – to play (sports)

Querer (e;ie)- to want

VOCABULARIO & VERBS TO KNOW

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