Chapter 3

Nomenclature of Inorganic Compounds

What type of compound is it ?

Ionic Compound Covalent (Nonionic) Compound

Acid

Cation with fixed charge

Cation with variable charge

Binary Contains polyatomic ion Binary Contains

polyatomic ion

Binary Acid

Oxy Acid

Aluminum, AlChlorine, Cl2 Aluminum chloride, AlCl3Iron (II) chloride, FeCl2Sodium Phosphate, Na3PO4Tin (IV) Chloride SnCl4Carbon monoxide, COCarbon dioxide, CO2Hydrochloric Acid, HClPerchloric Acid, HClO4

atomic element

ionic compoundmolecular element

molecular compound

ionic compoundionic compound

ionic compound

molecular compoundbinary acidoxy acid

What type of compound is it ?Practice:

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Binary Ionic Compounds

Naming Metal Cations

Some metals form cations having only one possible charge

IA , IIA , Al , Ag , Zn , Sc IA+, IIA2+, Al3+, Ag1+, Zn2+, Sc3+

name of cation = name of metal

Naming Metal Cations

Most metals can form cations with more than one possible charge.

The charge must be determine from the charge on the anion.

name of cation = name of metal with Roman numeral charge in parentheses

IVA VA VIA VIIA

H -

hydride

C4-

carbideN3-

nitrideO2-

oxideF -

fluoride

Si4-

silicideP3-

phosphideS2-

sulfideCl -

chloride

As3-

arsenideSe2-

SelenideBr -

bromide

Te2-

TellurideI -

iodide

Naming Monatomic Nonmetal AnionsDetermine the charge from position on the Periodic Table.

To name anion, change ending on the element name to –ide.

C22-

Si?-

As?-

XX

X

Naming Binary Ionic Compounds for Metals with Invariant Charge

1. Name the metal cation first, name nonmetal anion second

2. Cation name is the metal name

3. Nonmetal anion named by changing the ending on the nonmetal name to -ide

name of cation(metal)

base name of anion (nonmetal) “ide”+ +

1. KCl

2. MgBr2

3. Al2S3

potassium chloride

magnesium bromide

aluminum sulfide

name of cation(metal)

base name of anion (nonmetal) “ide”+ +

Name the following compounds

Naming Binary Ionic Compounds for Metals with Variable Charge

1. Name metal cation first, name nonmetal anion second

2. The metal cation name is the metal name followed by a Roman numeral in parentheses to indicate its charge determine charge from anion charge.

3. Nonmetal anion named by changing the ending on the nonmetal name to -ide

name of cation(metal)

base name of anion (nonmetal) “ide”+( )+ +charge of cation (metal) in

roman numerals

How to determine the charge on the metal ion from the formula of a specific compound.

The sum of all the charges must be zero.

Example: The charge on iron (Fe) in FeCl3 must be 3+ in order for the compound to be charge neutral with

the three Cl- anions.

name of cation(metal)

base name of anion (nonmetal) “ide”+( )+ +charge of cation (metal) in

roman numerals

Name the following compounds

1. CuF2 2. TiCl4 3. PbBr2

4. CrO3

5. Fe3N2

6. Fe2S3

Charge on Cation?

Cu= 2+

Ti = 4+

Pb = 2+

Cr = 6+Fe = 2+

Fe= 3+

copper (II) fluoride

titanium (IV) chloride

lead (II) bromide

chromium (VI) oxideiron (II) nitride

iron (III) sulfide

Na +Na

Cl - NaCl

ClFeCl2

Fe

Fe 2+

Cl

Cl - Cl -

Cl

Fe 3+FeCl3

Using dot structures can illustrate the formation of binary ionic compounds.

sodium chloride

iron (II) chloride

iron (III) chloride

ClFe

Cl

Cl

Cl -

Cl -Cl -

O

FeOFe

Fe 2+

Na

Na

O 2-Na +Na +

Na2O

Using dot structures can illustrate the formation of binary ionic compounds.

sodium oxide

iron (II) oxide

iron (III) oxide

O O 2-

Fe Fe

O O O

Fe 3+

Fe 3+

O 2-

O 2-O 2- Fe2O3

Compounds Containing Polyatomic Ions

Polyatomic ions are ions that contain more than one atom.

Often identified by parentheses around ion in formula

Name and charge of polyatomic ion do not change

An ionic compound is always named by naming the cation first and then the anion.

Some Common Polyatomic Ions

Name the Following Compounds

1. Na2SO4

2. Fe(NO3)3

3. NH4Cl

4. Ca(C2H3O2)2

5. Cu(NO3)2

sodium sulfate

iron (III)nitrate

ammonium chloridecalcium acetate

copper(II) nitrate

SO42-, sulfate; NO3 -, nitrate;

NH4 +, ammonium; (C2H3O2) -, acetate

Writing formula for ionic compounds containing polyatomic ions

Aluminum sulfate

Iron (III) phosphate

Chromium (II) hydrogen carbonate

Al2(SO4)3

FePO4

Cr(HCO3)2

SO42-, sulfate; PO4 3-, phosphate;

(HCO3) -, hydrogen carbonate

Hydrates

Hydrates are ionic compounds containing a specific number of waters for

each formula unit.

In formula, attached waters indicated

CoCl2·6H2O or CoCl2(H2O)6

In name attached waters indicated by prefix+hydrate

after name of ionic compound:

CoCl2·6H2O cobalt(II) chloride hexahydrate

CaSO4·½H2O calcium sulfate hemihydrate

Writing Names of Binary Molecular Compounds of Two Nonmetals

1. Write name of first element in formula a) element furthest left and down on the Periodic Table b) use the full name of the element

2. Write name the second element in the formula with an -ide suffix, as if it were an anion; however, remember these compounds do not contain ions!

3. Use a prefix in front of each name to indicate the number of atoms (Never use the prefix mono- on the first element.)

BF3

NO2

PCl5

I2F7

Formulas --------------> Names

boron trifluoride

nitrogen dioxide

phosphorous pentafluoride

diiodine heptafluoride

prefix prefix “ide”name of first element

name of second element+ + + +

Name -------------> Formula

dinitrogen pentoxide

dinitrogen tetroxide

sulfur hexafluoride

diarsenic trisulfide

N2O5

N2O4

SF6

As2S3

prefix prefix “ide”name of first element

name of second element+ + + +

AcidsAcids are molecular compounds that form H+ when dissolved in water. (aq) is often written after the formula

Sour taste

Dissolve many metals such as Zn, Fe, Mg; but not Au, Ag, Pt

Formula generally starts with H e.g., HCl, H2SO4

Acids

Binary Acidscontain only two elements

Oxyacidscontain oxygen

Naming Binary Acids

HCl HF HI

hydrochloric acid

base name of nonmetal“hydro” “ic” acid+ + +

hydrofluoric acidhydroiodic acid

Naming OxyacidsName the polyatomic anion !!!!!

If polyatomic ion name ends in “–ate”,

base name of oxyanion

“ic” acid

If polyatomic ion name ends in “–ite”,

base name of oxyanion

“ous” acid

+ +

+ +

H2SO4 sulfuric acidH2SO3 sulfurous acid

HClO hypochlorous acidHClO2 chlorous acidHClO3 chloric acidHClO4 perchloric acid

“-ate” = “-ic” ; “-ite” = “-ous”

Naming Oxyacids

Oxyanion formula Oxyanion name Acid Formula Acid Name

NO2 ⊖ nitrite H+ HNO2 nitrous

NO3 ⊖ nitrate H+ HNO3 nitric

SO3 2⊖ sulfite 2H+ H2SO3 sulfurous

SO4 2⊖ sulfate 2H+ H2SO4 sulfuric

ClO2 ⊖ chlorite H+ HClO2 chlorous

ClO3 ⊖ chlorate H+ HClO3 chloric

C2H3O2 ⊖ acetate H+ HC2H3O2 acetic

CO3 2⊖ carbonate 2H+ H2CO3 carbonic

Names of Common Oxyacids and Their Oxyanions

Formula ----------> Name

H2S

HClO3

HNO2

hydrosulfuric acid

chloric acid

nitrous acid

ClO3-, chlorate; NO2-, nitrite

chlorous acid

phosphoric acid

hydrobromic acid

Name ----------> Formula

HClO2

H3PO4

HBr

ClO2-, chlorite; PO4 3-, phosphate