CHAPTER 3CHAPTER 3

FORCES THAT INFLUENCE FORCES THAT INFLUENCE SOCIAL CHANGESOCIAL CHANGE

CHAPTER 3 - KEY TERMSCHAPTER 3 - KEY TERMS

AnomieAnomie AlienationAlienation Income InequalityIncome Inequality Systematic DiscriminationSystematic Discrimination Relative Income InequalityRelative Income Inequality Absolute Income InequalityAbsolute Income Inequality Low-Income Cut-Off Line Low-Income Cut-Off Line

(LICO)(LICO) Low-Income MeasureLow-Income Measure Market Basket Measure (MBM)Market Basket Measure (MBM)

Key Terms Cont…Key Terms Cont…

Term Definition

Anomie Condition where a group is without any roots or norms as they struggle daily to survive

Alienation The state of being (or feeling) alone, separate, different

Income Inequality Gap between what the rich and poor earn

Systemic Discrimination

When a system exists that favours one or some groups over others in terms of hiring, benefits, promotion and pay increases

Relative Income Inequality

Comparing percentage of total income in each 1/5th of the population enjoy

Absolute Income Inequality

Amount of money earned by different groups

Key Terms Cont…Key Terms Cont… Measures of Measures of PovertyPoverty

Term Definition

Low Income Cut Off Line (LICO)

Crude measurement tool (if 64% or more of total income is spent on food, shelter and clothing then one is below the LICO/poverty line)

Low Income Measure (LIM)

A relative measurement tool that categorizes individuals (or households) whose adjusted family income is below 50% of the median income.

Market Basket Measure (MBM)

A relative measurement tool that defines low income in relation to a specific basket of essential goods and services, without which (or without access to which) an individual or household is considered to be living in poverty. The basket represents a standard of consumption (food, clothing, shelter, transport, and other expenditures). The strength of this approach is that it takes into account the local conditions in costing the basket.

POVERTYPOVERTY What does poverty look like in our society?What does poverty look like in our society? What groups in our society are at risk of What groups in our society are at risk of

being poor?being poor? What does poverty look like in other What does poverty look like in other

societies around the world?societies around the world? How does our society define poverty?How does our society define poverty? Why are people still poor in societies Why are people still poor in societies

where the economy is booming and where the economy is booming and prosperous? Start your sentence with prosperous? Start your sentence with “people are poor because…”“people are poor because…”

What are some possible solutions for What are some possible solutions for eliminating poverty in our society?eliminating poverty in our society?

Around the world?Around the world?

What would you put in your What would you put in your basket?basket?

POVERTY IS…POVERTY IS… HungerHunger Lack of shelterLack of shelter Lack of clothingLack of clothing Being sick and not being able to get helpBeing sick and not being able to get help Not being able to go to schoolNot being able to go to school Not having a jobNot having a job Living one day at a timeLiving one day at a time Losing a child to illness due to unclean Losing a child to illness due to unclean

waterwater PowerlessnessPowerlessness Etc… Etc…

RELATIVE POVERTYRELATIVE POVERTYCompares a person’s total income Compares a person’s total income and spending patterns with those of and spending patterns with those of the general populationthe general population

Is often measured using the Is often measured using the LICOLICO::-If 64% or more of take home -If 64% or more of take home

income income is spent on basic necessities is spent on basic necessities (food, (food, shelter, clothing) one is shelter, clothing) one is defined as defined as poor in Canadian poor in Canadian societysociety

MUSICAL CHAIRS WEALTH DISTRIBUTION ACTIVITYMUSICAL CHAIRS WEALTH DISTRIBUTION ACTIVITY

Poverty in CanadaPoverty in Canada

News Report-3 min News Report-3 min https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kqUGVTXY_5U

Elaine’s Story-3 min https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=N5_wjpCGto0

Poor No More: Documentary 2010-50 min https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RQ1ypJ2erpw

ABSOLUTE POVERTYABSOLUTE POVERTY

Absolute poverty is measured by Absolute poverty is measured by comparing a person’s total income against comparing a person’s total income against the total cost of purchasing a specific the total cost of purchasing a specific ‘basket’ of goods and services ‘basket’ of goods and services representing the essentials of daily life. representing the essentials of daily life.

People with inadequate income to People with inadequate income to purchase this basket of items are purchase this basket of items are considered to be living in absolute povertyconsidered to be living in absolute poverty

Also depends on access to social servicesAlso depends on access to social services

Poverty Around The WorldPoverty Around The World

Global StatisticsGlobal Statisticshttps://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zwIEZDMDBo4

Personal Stories of Poverty Gobally-3 minhttps://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ohwRAUnDGt0

End Poverty Campaign 2012-12 minhttps://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hrW8ier__4Q

BBC: Debate on Poverty 2012-45 minhttps://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KNIEb3injpc

PRIVILEGE AND PRIVILEGE AND OPPORTUNITYOPPORTUNITY

What does privilege mean?What does privilege mean? What does privilege look like in our What does privilege look like in our

society?society? What impact does privilege have on an What impact does privilege have on an

individual moving through their life?individual moving through their life? What does the slogan ‘Check your What does the slogan ‘Check your

privilege’ mean?privilege’ mean? What does the term ‘invisible knapsack’ What does the term ‘invisible knapsack’

mean?mean?

NATIONAL ANTI-POVERTY NATIONAL ANTI-POVERTY ORGANIZATION (2003)ORGANIZATION (2003)

Deep and persistent poverty Deep and persistent poverty continues in Canadacontinues in Canada

Rate and depth of poverty has Rate and depth of poverty has depened for many groupsdepened for many groups

Young families are more likely to be Young families are more likely to be poorpoor

Vulnerability of children and lone-Vulnerability of children and lone-parent families is a concernparent families is a concern

OTHER FACTS RELATED TO OTHER FACTS RELATED TO POVERTYPOVERTY

The cost of poverty to Canada has been The cost of poverty to Canada has been estimated at 72-86 billion/year 5-6% of GDP estimated at 72-86 billion/year 5-6% of GDP (Ontario Association of Food Banks)(Ontario Association of Food Banks)

In March 2010, 867 948 Canadians (38% In March 2010, 867 948 Canadians (38% children) used food banks for food support children) used food banks for food support (28% increase since 2008)(28% increase since 2008)

865,000 Canadian children under the age of 865,000 Canadian children under the age of 18 lived in poverty in 2004-one of every 8 18 lived in poverty in 2004-one of every 8 children.children.

Class ActivityClass Activity: Calculate expenses for a : Calculate expenses for a female lone-parent familyfemale lone-parent family