Chapter 3: Chapter 3:

Colonies Take RootColonies Take Root

A. First English SettlementsA. First English Settlements1.1. England – setting up colonies for new England – setting up colonies for new

markets and wanting raw materialsmarkets and wanting raw materialsa.a. Establish Roanoke – try twice, both failEstablish Roanoke – try twice, both fail

2.2. Jamestown - England’s 1Jamestown - England’s 1stst Permanent Permanent settlementsettlement

a.a. Virginia Company of London formed by rich Virginia Company of London formed by rich English people wanting part of AmericaEnglish people wanting part of America

b.b. Fails at first, all businessmen that don’t want to Fails at first, all businessmen that don’t want to work for colony – just find goldwork for colony – just find gold

c.c. Powhatan – local natives that give them some Powhatan – local natives that give them some foodfood

c.c. John Smith comes to Jamestown – establishes “he John Smith comes to Jamestown – establishes “he who works not, eats not”who works not, eats not”

- Raids indians – angers Powhatan- Raids indians – angers Powhatan- Colony thrives under SmithColony thrives under Smith- When Smith returns to England after being shot, colony When Smith returns to England after being shot, colony

suffers, people lazy – suffers, people lazy – “starving time”“starving time”

d.d. Colonists eventually succeed in Jamestown by Colonists eventually succeed in Jamestown by growing tobaccogrowing tobacco

- Tobacco in great demand in EuropeTobacco in great demand in Europe- Begin growing tobacco all over VirginiaBegin growing tobacco all over Virginia

e.e. House of Burgesses – representative democracy the House of Burgesses – representative democracy the colonists used in Virginiacolonists used in Virginia

f.f. Slaves brought from West Indies – could earn their Slaves brought from West Indies – could earn their way out of slaveryway out of slavery

3.3. Plymouth Colony – founded by Pilgrims who Plymouth Colony – founded by Pilgrims who left Newfoundland colony of Separatists to left Newfoundland colony of Separatists to practice religionpractice religion

a.a. PilgrimPilgrim – takes a religious journey – takes a religious journey

b.b. Pilgrims land in Massachusetts after storms blow Pilgrims land in Massachusetts after storms blow them off their coursethem off their course

c.c. Mayflower – their shipMayflower – their ship

d.d. Mayflower CompactMayflower Compact – agreement b/w the men – agreement b/w the men for gov’t. of just and equal laws with offices held for gov’t. of just and equal laws with offices held by adult malesby adult males

- - 11stst document in where American Colonists had claimed document in where American Colonists had claimed right to self-governmentright to self-government

e.e. 11stst Thanksgiving – Pilgrims celebrated natives Thanksgiving – Pilgrims celebrated natives giving them food during first harsh winter theregiving them food during first harsh winter there

- Pilgrims arrived too late to plant cropsPilgrims arrived too late to plant crops- Half colonists died first winterHalf colonists died first winter- Natives gave them food/Squanto showed them how to Natives gave them food/Squanto showed them how to

plant seeds/crops and catch eelplant seeds/crops and catch eel

B. The New England ColoniesB. The New England Colonies1.1. Geography of New England – northeastern corner of Geography of New England – northeastern corner of

U.S.U.S.- Connecticut, Rhode Island, New Hampshire, Vermont and MaineConnecticut, Rhode Island, New Hampshire, Vermont and Maine- Hills, mountains, rocky soil (not good for farming)Hills, mountains, rocky soil (not good for farming)- Winters – long and snowy, summers – short and warmWinters – long and snowy, summers – short and warm

2.2. Puritans – Massachusetts BayPuritans – Massachusetts BayA.A. Wanted to reform Church of England, but were Wanted to reform Church of England, but were

persecuted by King Charlespersecuted by King Charles

- John Winthrop – led Puritans establish new colony in - John Winthrop – led Puritans establish new colony in MassachusetsMassachusets

- Established several towns (Boston), - Established several towns (Boston), but didn’t believe in but didn’t believe in religious toleration (had to practice Puritan religion!!)religious toleration (had to practice Puritan religion!!)

B.B. Roger Williams – founded Providence, in R.I.Roger Williams – founded Providence, in R.I.- Forced to leave Massachusetts Bay b/c he believed Forced to leave Massachusetts Bay b/c he believed

natives should be paid for their landsnatives should be paid for their lands- Believed Puritans should split from Church of Eng.Believed Puritans should split from Church of Eng.- Received charter and allowed religious tolerationReceived charter and allowed religious toleration

C.C. Anne Hutchison – found colony after being put Anne Hutchison – found colony after being put on trial in Boston, on trial in Boston, expelled from Mass.expelled from Mass.

D.D. Thomas Hooker – minister left Mass. and found Thomas Hooker – minister left Mass. and found town of Hartford in modern-day Connecticut town of Hartford in modern-day Connecticut

3.3. Small town government – Puritans believed Small town government – Puritans believed towns & churches manage themselvestowns & churches manage themselves

A.A. Town meetingsTown meetings – males, democratic ideas – males, democratic ideas

B.B. New Englanders earned living – farming, fishing, New Englanders earned living – farming, fishing, ship building, etc.ship building, etc.

4.4. King Phillip’s War – King Phillip’s War – Metacom (King Metacom (King Phillip) was leader of Wampanoag tribePhillip) was leader of Wampanoag tribe

A.A. Wanted to stop Puritan expansionWanted to stop Puritan expansion

B.B. Lead raid on many English towns, destroyed Lead raid on many English towns, destroyed 112, lasted 1 year112, lasted 1 year

C.C. King Phillip captured and killed, left colonies King Phillip captured and killed, left colonies free to expand through native landsfree to expand through native lands

5.5. Puritan influence declines by 1670’sPuritan influence declines by 1670’sA.A. people born in North America – not as religiouspeople born in North America – not as religious

B.B. More concerned with running farms, making a More concerned with running farms, making a livingliving

C. The Middle coloniesC. The Middle colonies1.1. Geography of Middle ColoniesGeography of Middle Colonies

A.A. Pennsylvania, New York, New Jersey, DelawarePennsylvania, New York, New Jersey, Delaware

B.B. Better farming, better soil, better climate, longer Better farming, better soil, better climate, longer growing seasongrowing season

2.2. New York – New York – began as New Netherlands/ Dutch began as New Netherlands/ Dutch settlementsettlement

A.A. England’s king granted all Dutch holdings to his England’s king granted all Dutch holdings to his brother if he could conquer them (1664)brother if he could conquer them (1664)

A.A. New York becomes English colony/ New York becomes English colony/ royal colonyroyal colony

3.3. New Jersey – began as New Jersey – began as proprietary colonyproprietary colony, but , but soon became soon became royal colonyroyal colony from royal charter from royal charter (1702)(1702)

4.4. Pennsylvania – founded by Quakers (1682)Pennsylvania – founded by Quakers (1682)A.A. Quakers – religious group believed they had Quakers – religious group believed they had

direct link with Goddirect link with God- Believed all people equal in God’s eyes (women)Believed all people equal in God’s eyes (women)- Against slaveryAgainst slavery- Refused to pay taxes, persecuted in EnglandRefused to pay taxes, persecuted in England- William Penn gets charter for colony in EnglandWilliam Penn gets charter for colony in England

B.B. Holy Experiment – Penn wanted all different Holy Experiment – Penn wanted all different religions to worship peacefullyreligions to worship peacefully

- Printed Frame of Government – assembly/ Printed Frame of Government – assembly/ freedom freedom of religionof religion

- Had to purchase land from nativesHad to purchase land from natives

5.5. Delaware – originally settled by Dutch, but lost to English Delaware – originally settled by Dutch, but lost to English when lost New Yorkwhen lost New York

A.A. Came under Pennsylvania’s charter, but didn’t want to be part of Came under Pennsylvania’s charter, but didn’t want to be part of their assemblytheir assembly

B.B. Penn granted them own rep. assembly and it became separate Penn granted them own rep. assembly and it became separate colony in 1704colony in 1704

6.6. America’s BreadbasketAmerica’s Breadbasket – Pennsylvania’s nickname b/c of – Pennsylvania’s nickname b/c of amount of crops and wheat produced, N.J alos produce amount of crops and wheat produced, N.J alos produce wheatwheat

A.A. Manufacturing – flour, paper, ironManufacturing – flour, paper, iron

B.B. Artisans – shoemakers, carpenters, masons, coopers – made Artisans – shoemakers, carpenters, masons, coopers – made barrels for flourbarrels for flour

C.C. Backcountry – frontier region in Pennsylvania that many Backcountry – frontier region in Pennsylvania that many Scottish and Irish immigrants settledScottish and Irish immigrants settled

D. Southern ColoniesD. Southern Colonies1.1. Geography of Southern Colonies – south of Geography of Southern Colonies – south of

Mason-Dixon Line (border b/w Maryland and Mason-Dixon Line (border b/w Maryland and Penn.)Penn.)

A.A. Maryland, Virginia, North Carolina, South Carolina Maryland, Virginia, North Carolina, South Carolina and Georgiaand Georgia

- Share Share Tidewater region – coastal, flat lowland with Tidewater region – coastal, flat lowland with swampy areasswampy areas

- Tidewater region – full of plantations (rice, tobacco, Tidewater region – full of plantations (rice, tobacco, sugar)sugar)

B.B. Warm climate provides long growing season for Warm climate provides long growing season for tobacco and cottontobacco and cotton

2.2. Virginia – population begins to grow after Virginia – population begins to grow after 1650’s.1650’s.

A.A. Many conflicts with natives as more farmers Many conflicts with natives as more farmers move into Virginia and claim native landmove into Virginia and claim native land

B.B. Nathaniel Bacon – Frontiersman leads group of Nathaniel Bacon – Frontiersman leads group of poorer frontier settlers on rebellion that wanted poorer frontier settlers on rebellion that wanted governor to grant them native landsgovernor to grant them native lands

- Rich white land owners had already bought all good Rich white land owners had already bought all good landslands

- Bacon & followers attacked natives and burned Bacon & followers attacked natives and burned Jamestown to groundJamestown to ground

- Ended when Bacon died of sickness and followers Ended when Bacon died of sickness and followers were hungwere hung

3.3. Maryland – Found by English CatholicsMaryland – Found by English CatholicsA.A. Lord Baltimore – set up assembly and passed Act of Lord Baltimore – set up assembly and passed Act of

Toleration so Toleration so all Christiansall Christians could worship in peace could worship in peace

4.4. Carolinas – originally established when Carolinas – originally established when Virginians kept moving southVirginians kept moving south

A.A. Developed separately in North and South, Developed separately in North and South, eventually splits into two colonieseventually splits into two colonies

B.B. Rice production important, Charleston biggest cityRice production important, Charleston biggest city

5.5. Georgia – founded by James OglethorpeGeorgia – founded by James OglethorpeA.A. Wanted a colony for protection from debtorsWanted a colony for protection from debtors

B.B. Also wanted border from Spanish colony in FloridaAlso wanted border from Spanish colony in Florida

E. Spanish Colonies on BorderlandsE. Spanish Colonies on Borderlands

1.1. Spanish had settled here before EnglishSpanish had settled here before English

2.2. Most important Spanish colonies in Mexico Most important Spanish colonies in Mexico and S. Americaand S. America

3.3. BorderlandsBorderlands – north of Mexico in Florida – north of Mexico in FloridaA.A. Main function was to protect Mexico from Main function was to protect Mexico from

other European powersother European powers

4.4. Missions – main purpose to convert Natives Missions – main purpose to convert Natives to Christianityto Christianity

A. A. Natives worked hard and kept missions Natives worked hard and kept missions runningrunning, but were punished harshly and had no , but were punished harshly and had no freedom in themfreedom in them

5.5. Missions established in Arizona and Texas – Missions established in Arizona and Texas – gave Spain influence in each areagave Spain influence in each area

6.6. Junipero Serra began colonizing California Junipero Serra began colonizing California as Spanish Missionsas Spanish Missions

7.7. Spanish colonies threatened by EnglishSpanish colonies threatened by EnglishA. A. Spanish colony of Florida promises land in Spanish colony of Florida promises land in

Florida for any escaped African Americans Florida for any escaped African Americans who help defend Florida against Englishwho help defend Florida against English