chapter 29 the great war 1914-1918. gibson – unit 7a – chap 29 section 1 marching toward war

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CHAPTER 29 THE GREAT WAR 1914-1918

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Page 1: CHAPTER 29 THE GREAT WAR 1914-1918. Gibson – Unit 7A – Chap 29 SECTION 1 MARCHING TOWARD WAR

C H A P T E R 2 9

THE GREAT WAR1914-1918

Page 2: CHAPTER 29 THE GREAT WAR 1914-1918. Gibson – Unit 7A – Chap 29 SECTION 1 MARCHING TOWARD WAR

Gibson – Unit 7A – Chap 29

SECTION 1MARCHING TOWARD WAR

Page 3: CHAPTER 29 THE GREAT WAR 1914-1918. Gibson – Unit 7A – Chap 29 SECTION 1 MARCHING TOWARD WAR

Gibson – Unit 7A – Chap 29

RISING TENSIONS

• The 1800s was a period where most Europeans sought peace• Below the surface, the story was

very different

• Countries began to embrace ideas that made war inevitable• Rise of Nationalism• Imperialism• Militarism – celebrated

strength and preparation for war• Needed to protect colonies

• Alliances

MAIN CAUSES OF WWI

MilitarismAlliancesImperialismNationalism

Page 4: CHAPTER 29 THE GREAT WAR 1914-1918. Gibson – Unit 7A – Chap 29 SECTION 1 MARCHING TOWARD WAR

Gibson – Unit 7A – Chap 29

TANGLING ALLIANCES

• Result of growing rivalries• Initially meant to maintain peace

• In an attempt to isolate France, Bismarck (Germany) created the Triple Alliance with Austria-Hungary, Italy, and Russia in 1881

• When Kaiser Wilhelm II takes back power in 1890 and makes 2 big mistakes• Lets Russia slip away• Begins building a navy to rival

Britain

• Britain, Russia, and France will join the Triple Entente in 1907

Page 5: CHAPTER 29 THE GREAT WAR 1914-1918. Gibson – Unit 7A – Chap 29 SECTION 1 MARCHING TOWARD WAR

Gibson – Unit 7A – Chap 29

CRISIS IN THE BALKANS

• Known as the “powder keg” of Europe, the Balkans were filled with ethnic diversity• Nowhere was the

situation more on the brink than Serbia vs Austria on the issue of Bosnia• Bosnia was culturally more

like Serbia but Austria had annexed them

Page 6: CHAPTER 29 THE GREAT WAR 1914-1918. Gibson – Unit 7A – Chap 29 SECTION 1 MARCHING TOWARD WAR

Gibson – Unit 7A – Chap 29

ASSASSINATION

• On 6/28/1914, a Serbian nationalist assassinated Archduke Franz Ferdinand (heir to the Austrian throne) and wife in Sarajevo, Bosnia• Austria used this as an

excuse for war with Serbia, an ally of Russia

• Despite pleading from the rest of Europe, the war had started

Page 7: CHAPTER 29 THE GREAT WAR 1914-1918. Gibson – Unit 7A – Chap 29 SECTION 1 MARCHING TOWARD WAR

AND NOW…

•Turn in your Imperialism Projects (if you have not already done so)•Finish your Chapter 29 Crossword•DUE TOMORROW @ the beginning of class

•Begin working on “The Great War” Project

Page 8: CHAPTER 29 THE GREAT WAR 1914-1918. Gibson – Unit 7A – Chap 29 SECTION 1 MARCHING TOWARD WAR

Gibson – Unit 7A – Chap 29

WARMUP # 21.1 (29.1)

1. What is the policy that glorifies military power and keeps an army prepared for war?

2. What region is known as the “powder keg” of Europe?

3. Why did imperialism lead to militarism?

4. What event ignited The Great War?

1. Militarism2. Balkans3. Parent countries

needed to protect their empires

4. Assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand

Page 9: CHAPTER 29 THE GREAT WAR 1914-1918. Gibson – Unit 7A – Chap 29 SECTION 1 MARCHING TOWARD WAR

Gibson – Unit 7A – Chap 29

SECTION 2EUROPE PLUNGES INTO WAR

Page 10: CHAPTER 29 THE GREAT WAR 1914-1918. Gibson – Unit 7A – Chap 29 SECTION 1 MARCHING TOWARD WAR

Gibson – Unit 7A – Chap 29

THE GREAT WAR BEGINS

• Austria’s declaration on Serbia set off a chain reaction• Russia moves troops to

Austrian border AND German border• Germany declares war

on Russia• 2 days later, they declare

war on France also

• Britain declares war on Germany

Page 11: CHAPTER 29 THE GREAT WAR 1914-1918. Gibson – Unit 7A – Chap 29 SECTION 1 MARCHING TOWARD WAR

Gibson – Unit 7A – Chap 29

TAKING SIDES

• By 1914, there were 2 clear sides• Central Powers –

Germany and Austria-Hungary (Bulgaria and the Ottomans join later)• Allied Powers –

Britain, France, and Russia (Japan and Italy later)

• Few realized how long the war would last

Page 12: CHAPTER 29 THE GREAT WAR 1914-1918. Gibson – Unit 7A – Chap 29 SECTION 1 MARCHING TOWARD WAR

Gibson – Unit 7A – Chap 29

WESTERN FRONT

• The war quickly stalled on the French border (western front)• Germany’s strategy

(Shlieffen Plan) required quickly defeating France and then taking on Russia• Initially successful, it

stalled when the German’s reached Paris (Battle of the Marne)

Page 13: CHAPTER 29 THE GREAT WAR 1914-1918. Gibson – Unit 7A – Chap 29 SECTION 1 MARCHING TOWARD WAR

Gibson – Unit 7A – Chap 29

TRENCH WARFARE

• While in France, Germany was attacked by Russia in the east• Soldiers began digging

trenches for protection• Led to huge losses with no

progress• Battle of Verdun – 300,000

deaths and virtually no change

• New technology (machine guns, poison, tanks, large artillery) led to more deaths

Page 14: CHAPTER 29 THE GREAT WAR 1914-1918. Gibson – Unit 7A – Chap 29 SECTION 1 MARCHING TOWARD WAR

Gibson – Unit 7A – Chap 29

EASTERN FRONT

• Russia/Germany border• More mobile than the

West, they still failed to make progress (stalemate)

• Russia lacked most resources because of their failure to industrialize• food, weapons, clothes, and

blankets were in short supply

• Population was their only strength

Page 15: CHAPTER 29 THE GREAT WAR 1914-1918. Gibson – Unit 7A – Chap 29 SECTION 1 MARCHING TOWARD WAR

AND NOW…

•Begin working on “The Great War” Project

Page 16: CHAPTER 29 THE GREAT WAR 1914-1918. Gibson – Unit 7A – Chap 29 SECTION 1 MARCHING TOWARD WAR

GREAT WAR PROJECT: PROPAGANDA

• 2 pieces (recreation = copied)• Must have one from the allies and one from the

central powers

Page 17: CHAPTER 29 THE GREAT WAR 1914-1918. Gibson – Unit 7A – Chap 29 SECTION 1 MARCHING TOWARD WAR

GREAT WAR PROJECT: RATIONS

• Another recreation

Page 18: CHAPTER 29 THE GREAT WAR 1914-1918. Gibson – Unit 7A – Chap 29 SECTION 1 MARCHING TOWARD WAR

GREAT WAR PROJECT: TECHNOLOGY

• Find 5 new military technologies• Put together a PowerPoint (1 slide per tech) with a

picture and a description of how it changed the war

Page 19: CHAPTER 29 THE GREAT WAR 1914-1918. Gibson – Unit 7A – Chap 29 SECTION 1 MARCHING TOWARD WAR

GREAT WAR PROJECT: MAPS

• Need a before and an after for how European territories changed after WWI

Page 20: CHAPTER 29 THE GREAT WAR 1914-1918. Gibson – Unit 7A – Chap 29 SECTION 1 MARCHING TOWARD WAR

Gibson – Unit 7A – Chap 29

WARM-UP #21.2 (29.2)

5. The Schlieffen plan called for a quick attack on ____ and then on ____.

6. Why were Germany and Austria-Hungary known as the Central Powers?

7. What style of fighting was developed to protect soldiers on the front line from gunfire?

8. What battle serves as an example of the horrid nature of #7?

5.France; Russia6.Their location

in central Europe

7.Trench Warfare8.Battle of

Verdun

Page 21: CHAPTER 29 THE GREAT WAR 1914-1918. Gibson – Unit 7A – Chap 29 SECTION 1 MARCHING TOWARD WAR

Gibson – Unit 7A – Chap 29

SECTION 3A GLOBAL CONFLICT

Page 22: CHAPTER 29 THE GREAT WAR 1914-1918. Gibson – Unit 7A – Chap 29 SECTION 1 MARCHING TOWARD WAR

Gibson – Unit 7A – Chap 29

EFFECTS ON THE WORLD

• The Great War quickly involved all reaches of the globe• In Africa, the Allies

capture 3/4 of the German colonies• In Asia, the Japanese

quickly German outposts in China and captured the island colonies

Page 23: CHAPTER 29 THE GREAT WAR 1914-1918. Gibson – Unit 7A – Chap 29 SECTION 1 MARCHING TOWARD WAR

Gibson – Unit 7A – Chap 29

AMERICA JOINS IN

• The German use of unrestricted submarine warfare in the Atlantic angered Americans• Lusitania in 1915

• Germany announced this policy in 1917.

• This, along with the Zimmermann note, forced the US to declare war• The Zimmermann note sought

Mexico’s support in exchange for the territory they had lost to the US

Page 24: CHAPTER 29 THE GREAT WAR 1914-1918. Gibson – Unit 7A – Chap 29 SECTION 1 MARCHING TOWARD WAR

Gibson – Unit 7A – Chap 29

AFFECTS AT HOME

• After 3 years of fighting, more people had died than in the wars for the previous 300 years• The war quickly began to

affect people at home, becoming a total war (nations devote all of their resources toward the war)• Nations quickly became

military dictatorships

Page 25: CHAPTER 29 THE GREAT WAR 1914-1918. Gibson – Unit 7A – Chap 29 SECTION 1 MARCHING TOWARD WAR

Gibson – Unit 7A – Chap 29

TOTAL WAR

• Factories were converted to make war materials• Everybody worked

(including women)

• Rationing was used to keep the soldiers supplied• Censorship limited

antiwar activities• Governments used

propaganda to keep the war “popular”

Page 26: CHAPTER 29 THE GREAT WAR 1914-1918. Gibson – Unit 7A – Chap 29 SECTION 1 MARCHING TOWARD WAR

Gibson – Unit 7A – Chap 29

THE ALLIES WIN

• US entrance gave the Allies the advantage

• Revolution in Russia led to a Russia-Germany treaty that allowed Germany to devote resources to the West• 2nd Battle of Marne (1918) was

won by the Allies because of “fresh” US troops

• Lack of supplies led the Central Powers to crumble

• In Nov 1918, an armistice was signed

Page 27: CHAPTER 29 THE GREAT WAR 1914-1918. Gibson – Unit 7A – Chap 29 SECTION 1 MARCHING TOWARD WAR

Gibson – Unit 7A – Chap 29

LEGACY OF WAR

• Life - Soldiers and civilians had died by the millions• Economic – drained the treasuries and destroyed farmland• Social – disillusionment

about life changed art and literature• Future Security – Treaty

of Versailles

Rank Death Toll Event Dates1 55,000,000 Second World War 1937/39-19452 40,000,000 China: Mao Zedong's) 1949-763 20,000,000 USSR: Stalin's regime 1924-534 15,000,000 First World War 1914-18

Page 28: CHAPTER 29 THE GREAT WAR 1914-1918. Gibson – Unit 7A – Chap 29 SECTION 1 MARCHING TOWARD WAR

AND NOW…

•Begin working on “The Great War” Project•WWI rations posters•WWI propaganda posters•WWI before and after map Europe•WWI military technology

•Vocab Quiz tomorrow

Page 29: CHAPTER 29 THE GREAT WAR 1914-1918. Gibson – Unit 7A – Chap 29 SECTION 1 MARCHING TOWARD WAR

Gibson – Unit 7A – Chap 29

WARM-UP #21.3 (29.3)

9. Which country was most responsible for bringing the US into WWI?

10.What is the name for a war in which countries devote all of their resources to the war effort?

11.What term refers to the German policy to sink any ship in British waters without warning?

9. Germany10.Total War11.Unrestricted

submarine warfare

Page 30: CHAPTER 29 THE GREAT WAR 1914-1918. Gibson – Unit 7A – Chap 29 SECTION 1 MARCHING TOWARD WAR

Gibson – Unit 7A – Chap 29

SECTION 4A FLAWED PEACE

Page 31: CHAPTER 29 THE GREAT WAR 1914-1918. Gibson – Unit 7A – Chap 29 SECTION 1 MARCHING TOWARD WAR

Gibson – Unit 7A – Chap 29

THE ALLIES MEET

• Big Four met in Jan 1919 at the Palace of Versailles• US – Woodrow Wilson• France – Clemenceau• Britain – George• Italy – Orlando

• Not in attendance• Russia – Civil war• Germany and their

allies

Page 32: CHAPTER 29 THE GREAT WAR 1914-1918. Gibson – Unit 7A – Chap 29 SECTION 1 MARCHING TOWARD WAR

Gibson – Unit 7A – Chap 29

WILSON’S PLAN

• Consisted of Fourteen Points to achieve a lasting peace• Ended secret treaties• Freedom of the seas• Free trade• Smaller armies• End colonialism (or at

least make it “more fair”)• Border changes (self-

determination)• An association of nations

Page 33: CHAPTER 29 THE GREAT WAR 1914-1918. Gibson – Unit 7A – Chap 29 SECTION 1 MARCHING TOWARD WAR

Gibson – Unit 7A – Chap 29

TREATY OF VERSAILLES

• Britain and France paid little attention to Wilson’s plan• They wanted revenge

• The treaty, signed in June 1919, punished Germany• Lost land, limited military,

“guilt clause” put reparation 100% on them

• Did embrace Wilson’s fourteenth point (League of Nations)

Page 34: CHAPTER 29 THE GREAT WAR 1914-1918. Gibson – Unit 7A – Chap 29 SECTION 1 MARCHING TOWARD WAR

Gibson – Unit 7A – Chap 29

PROBLEMS WITH THE TREATY

• Left a legacy of bitterness and hatred• Each of the central

powers lost land• New countries were

created in Europe• Mandates were created in

the rest of the world

• Even allies were angry• Russia lost land, Japan

and Italy gained little, America became isolationist

Page 35: CHAPTER 29 THE GREAT WAR 1914-1918. Gibson – Unit 7A – Chap 29 SECTION 1 MARCHING TOWARD WAR

AND NOW…

•Vocab Quiz today•Begin working on “The Great War” Project•WWI rations posters•WWI propaganda posters•WWI before and after map Europe•WWI military technology

•Chapter 30 Vocab Crossword