CHAPTER 27Redefining the West After World War II

The WestEncounters and Transformations

Levack/Muir/Veldman/Maas

Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Longman, Copyright 2007

Levack et al., The West: Encounters and Transformations Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Longman, Copyright 2007

Chapter 27: Redefining the West After World War II

I. A Dubious Peace, 1945-1949

II. The West and the World: Decolonization and the Cold War

III. The Soviet Union and Eastern Europe in the 1950's and 1960's

IV. The West: Consensus, Consumption, and Culture

Levack et al., The West: Encounters and Transformations Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Longman, Copyright 2007

Chapter 27: Redefining the West After World War II

I. A Dubious Peace, 1945-1949

A. Devastation, Death and Continuing War

Czechoslovakia

Purges, 1945-1948

Yugoslavia

Tito

Greece

Civil War, to 1949

Displaced Persons

Deportations

Levack et al., The West: Encounters and Transformations Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Longman, Copyright 2007

Chapter 27: Redefining the West After World War II

B. Cold War

1943-1945

Big Three

United Nations

Tehran, 1943

First Big Three summit

D-Day

Bretton Woods Agreement, 1944

International Monetary Fund

World Bank

Dollar as reserve currency

Yalta, February, 1945

(Russia controls Yugoslavia, Romania, Bulgaria, Hungary)

Potsdam, July, 1945StalinHarry Truman (1884-1972)

Clement Attlee, British Prime MinisterErnest Bevin (1881-1951)

Foreign Secretary

Levack et al., The West: Encounters and Transformations Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Longman, Copyright 2007

Chapter 27: Redefining the West After World War II

I. A Dubious Peace, 1945-1949

B. Cold War1946-1949, Divisions

Truman Doctrine, 1947Containment

Marshall PlanGeorge Marshall

(1880-1959) Secretary of State

1949, New AlignmentWest and East GermanyNATO, 1949(Warsaw Pact, 1955)

Levack et al., The West: Encounters and Transformations Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Longman, Copyright 2007

Chapter 27: Redefining the West After World War II

II. The West and the World: Decolonization and the Cold War

A. End of Empires

Burma

Aung San (1915-1947)

India

Subhas Chandra Bose (1897-1945)

National Army, WWII

Muhammad Ali Jinnah (1876-1948)

Palestine

Israel, 1948

Ghana

Kwame Nkrumah (1957-1966)

Kenya

Jomo Kenyatta (1963-1978)

Indochina

Ho Chi Minh (1890-1969)

French defeated, 1954

Algeria

Franco-Algerian War, 1954-1962

Levack et al., The West: Encounters and Transformations Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Longman, Copyright 2007

Chapter 27: Redefining the West After World War II

II. The West and the World: Decolonization and the Cold War

(A. End of Empires)

Kenya

Jomo Kenyatta (1963-1978)

Indochina

Ho Chi Minh (1890-1969)

French defeated, 1954

Algeria

Franco-Algerian War, 1954-1962

Levack et al., The West: Encounters and Transformations Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Longman, Copyright 2007

Chapter 27: Redefining the West After World War II

II. The West and the World: Decolonization and the Cold War

B. Legacy of Empire

American Civil Rights Movement

NAACP, 1910

Martin Luther King Jr. (1929-1968)

South Africa

Afrikaner Nationalist Partyfrom1948

Apartheid

"No Trial" Act, 1963

Levack et al., The West: Encounters and Transformations Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Longman, Copyright 2007

Chapter 27: Redefining the West After World War II

II. The West and the World: Decolonization and the Cold War

C. Extension of the Cold War

Korean War, 1950-1953

1950, North Korea invades South Korea

1953-1960

Dwight Eisenhower (1890-1969)"Roll Back" of communism

Nikita Krushchev (1955-1964)

Sputnik, 1957

Intercontinental Ballistic Missiles

Levack et al., The West: Encounters and Transformations Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Longman, Copyright 2007

Chapter 27: Redefining the West After World War II

II. The West and the World: Decolonization and the Cold War

C. Extension of the Cold War

Cuban Missile Crisis

Berlin Wall, 1961

John F. Kennedy (1961-1963)

Fidel Castro (1926- )

Missile Bases

Nuclear Test Ban Treaty, 1963

Vietnam

French Defeat, 1954

> Civil War

North Vietnam

Ho Chi Minh

Support of China and Soviet Union

South Vietnam

American support

Levack et al., The West: Encounters and Transformations Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Longman, Copyright 2007

Chapter 27: Redefining the West After World War II

II. The West and the World: Decolonization and the Cold War

C. Extension of the Cold War

Middle East

Egypt

Gamel Abdel Nasser

IsraelSix-Day War, 1967

Israel takes Sinai, West Bank, Golan Heights

Third World

Indonesia

Ahmed Sukarno (1949-1966)

Bandung Conference, 1955

"Nonaligned"

Levack et al., The West: Encounters and Transformations Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Longman, Copyright 2007

Chapter 27: Redefining the West After World War II

II. The West and the World: Decolonization and the Cold War

C. Extension of the Cold War

Third World

Indonesia

Ahmed Sukarno (1949-1966)

Bandung Conference, 1955

"Nonaligned"

Levack et al., The West: Encounters and Transformations Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Longman, Copyright 2007

Chapter 27: Redefining the West After World War II

III. The Soviet Union and Eastern Europe in the 1950s and 1960s

A. From Stalinism to De-Stalinization

Chechens

Deportations

Labor camps

Nikita Kruschev

In power by 1955"Secret Speech", 1956

Condemns Stalin

Prisoners freed

4.5 million

Alexander Solzhenitsyn

"Gulag Archipelago"

B. Leonid Brezhnev (1906-1982)

Economic stagnation

"Re-stalinization"

Levack et al., The West: Encounters and Transformations Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Longman, Copyright 2007

Chapter 27: Redefining the West After World War II

III. The Soviet Union and Eastern Europe in the 1950s and 1960s

C. Eastern EuropePoland

Protests, 1956Wadisaw Gomuka (1905-1982)

HungaryImre Nagy (1896-1958)Rising, October 31, 1956 Crushed by Red ArmyNagy executed, 1958János Kádár (1912-1989)

RomaniaGheorghe Gheorhiu-Dei (1901-1965)Nicolai Ceaucecu

Prague SpringAlexander Dubek (1921-1992)

Spread of freedomsSoviet troops in, August, 1956

Prague Spring destroyed

"Brezhnev Doctrine"

Levack et al., The West: Encounters and Transformations Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Longman, Copyright 2007

Chapter 27: Redefining the West After World War II

IV. The West: Consensus, Consumption, and Culture

A. Democracy

France

Jean Monnet (1888-1979)

Planning Commission

Christian Democratic Parties

1950's, 1960's

B. Economic Union

Jean Monnett

Paul-Henri Spaak (1899-1972)

Belgian Prime Minister

European Coal and Steel Community, 1952

France, Germany, Italy, Benelux

European Economic Community, 1957

(Common Market)

C. Culture

Samuel Beckett (1906-1989)

Waiting for Godot, 1952

Alberto Giacometti (1901-1966)

Man Pointing, 1947

Abstract Expressionism

Jackson Pollock (1912-1956)

William Golding (1911-1993)

Lord of the Flies, 1954

Claude Levi-Strauss (1908- )

Levack et al., The West: Encounters and Transformations Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Longman, Copyright 2007

Chapter 27: Redefining the West After World War II

IV. The West: Consensus, Consumption, and Culture

D. Science and Religion

Francis Crick (1916-2004)

James Watson (1928- )

DNA

Penicillin

Jonas Salk

Polio vaccine

Catholic Church

Second Vatican Council, 1963

Pope John XXIII (1958-1963)

Paul VI (1963-1978)

E. Society

Americanization

Gaullism

independent course

Immigration

by 1970's, 9 million

Women

Simone de Beauvoir (1908-1986)

The Second Sex, 1949

Pope Pius XII (1939-1958)

Doctrine of the Assumption, 1950

Hannah Gavron (1944- )

The Captive Wife, 1966

Betty Friedan (1921-2006)

The Feminine Mystique, 1963

Protest

New Left

Herbert Marcuse (1898-1979)