chapter 27: cold war america

© 2007 McGraw-Hill Higher Education. All rights reserved.

NATION OF NATIONS, SIXTH EDITIONNATION OF NATIONS, SIXTH EDITION

DAVIDSON • DELAY • HEYRMAN • LYTLE • STOFFDAVIDSON • DELAY • HEYRMAN • LYTLE • STOFF

(modified for APUSH – Lmotry)(modified for APUSH – Lmotry)

Chapter 27: Chapter 27: Cold War AmericaCold War America


The Rise of the Cold WarThe Rise of the Cold War

Cracks in the AllianceCracks in the Alliance– What were Soviet ambitions?What were Soviet ambitions?– To deal with menace and disorder, Harry Truman To deal with menace and disorder, Harry Truman

sought to frame a policysought to frame a policy

The View from West and EastThe View from West and East– Roots of the cold warRoots of the cold war– Munich analogyMunich analogy

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Toward ContainmentToward Containment– George Kennan’s long telegramGeorge Kennan’s long telegram– ““Containment”: provided Washington with a Containment”: provided Washington with a

framework for analyzing Soviet behaviorframework for analyzing Soviet behavior

The Truman DoctrineThe Truman Doctrine– The Iranian crisisThe Iranian crisis– Aid to Greece and TurkeyAid to Greece and Turkey– Doctrine marked a new level of American commitment Doctrine marked a new level of American commitment

to a cold warto a cold war

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The Marshall PlanThe Marshall Plan– Truman Doctrine did not address Western EuropeTruman Doctrine did not address Western Europe– Communism in Hungary and CzechoslovakiaCommunism in Hungary and Czechoslovakia

The Fall of Eastern EuropeThe Fall of Eastern Europe– Berlin Blockade/AirliftBerlin Blockade/Airlift– NATO formed (1949)NATO formed (1949)– Israel recognized becomes a state - 1948Israel recognized becomes a state - 1948

“By 1947 anticommunism had become the dominant theme in American policy, both foreign and domestic.”

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Cold War EuropeCold War Europe5


The Atomic Shield versus the Iron CurtainThe Atomic Shield versus the Iron Curtain– The Atomic Energy Commission (1946)The Atomic Energy Commission (1946)– Baruch plan: ensured that the U.S. would dominate Baruch plan: ensured that the U.S. would dominate

any international atomic agencyany international atomic agency

Atomic DeterrenceAtomic Deterrence– American military forced to adopt a nuclear strategyAmerican military forced to adopt a nuclear strategy– Belief that the Soviets were determined to overthrow Belief that the Soviets were determined to overthrow

the U.S. the U.S.

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Postwar ProsperityPostwar Prosperity

Postwar AdjustmentsPostwar Adjustments– Minority workersMinority workers– American G.I. Forum (1948)American G.I. Forum (1948)– Black veterans and civil rightsBlack veterans and civil rights– Civil rights report: To Secure These Rights (1946)Civil rights report: To Secure These Rights (1946)– Organized laborOrganized labor

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The New Deal Programs Under AttackThe New Deal Programs Under Attack– Republicans and Democrats blocked the president’s Republicans and Democrats blocked the president’s

attempts to revive the New Dealattempts to revive the New Deal– Taft-Hartley Act (1947)Taft-Hartley Act (1947)

A Welfare Program for GIsA Welfare Program for GIs– The GI Bill (1944)The GI Bill (1944)– The bill accelerated trends that would transform The bill accelerated trends that would transform

America into a prosperous, heavily middle-class America into a prosperous, heavily middle-class suburban nationsuburban nation

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The Election of 1948The Election of 1948– Henry Wallace and the progressivesHenry Wallace and the progressives– Dixiecrats: Strom ThurmondDixiecrats: Strom Thurmond– Truman fights backTruman fights back

The Fair DealThe Fair Deal– Agenda called for vigorous revival of New Deal Agenda called for vigorous revival of New Deal

programsprograms– Truman could not forge a working coalition between Truman could not forge a working coalition between

farmers and laborfarmers and labor

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The Cold War at HomeThe Cold War at Home

The Shocks of 1949The Shocks of 1949– The H-bombThe H-bomb– China falls to Communists - 1949China falls to Communists - 1949– The Hiss case (1949)The Hiss case (1949)

The Loyalty CrusadeThe Loyalty Crusade– Loyalty Review BoardLoyalty Review Board– Loyalty program gave credibility to the growing red Loyalty program gave credibility to the growing red

scarescare

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11


HUAC, Hollywood, and UnionsHUAC, Hollywood, and Unions– House Committee on Un-American Activities began to House Committee on Un-American Activities began to

investigate the film industryinvestigate the film industry– Blacklisting Blacklisting – McCarran Act (1950)McCarran Act (1950)

The Ambitions of Senator McCarthyThe Ambitions of Senator McCarthy– McCarthy never substantiated chargesMcCarthy never substantiated charges– Tapped the fears and hatreds of a broad coalition of Tapped the fears and hatreds of a broad coalition of

Catholic leaders, conservatives, and neo-isolationistsCatholic leaders, conservatives, and neo-isolationists

“By 1950 anticommunism had created a climate of fear in which legitimate concerns mixed with irrational hysteria.”

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From Cold War to Hot War From Cold War to Hot War and Backand Back

Police ActionPolice Action– The North Korean invasionThe North Korean invasion– Amphibious attack launched behind North Korean Amphibious attack launched behind North Korean

lineslines

The Chinese InterveneThe Chinese Intervene– China grew increasingly restiveChina grew increasingly restive– Truman wondered publicly about using the atomic Truman wondered publicly about using the atomic

bombbomb

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The Korean WarThe Korean War14


Truman versus MacArthurTruman versus MacArthur– The military stalemate in Korea brought to light the The military stalemate in Korea brought to light the

simmering feud between Truman and MacArthursimmering feud between Truman and MacArthur– April 11: a stunned nation learned that MacArthur had April 11: a stunned nation learned that MacArthur had

been relieved of his dutiesbeen relieved of his duties

The Global Implications of the Cold WarThe Global Implications of the Cold War– Europe, not Asia firstEurope, not Asia first– Truman announces he will not run for reelection Truman announces he will not run for reelection

(1952)(1952)

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The Election of 1952The Election of 1952– Moderates like “Ike”Moderates like “Ike”– Nixon’s Checkers SpeechNixon’s Checkers Speech– Eisenhower and KoreaEisenhower and Korea

The Fall of McCarthyThe Fall of McCarthy– By the summer of 1953, the senator was on an By the summer of 1953, the senator was on an

unrestrained attackunrestrained attack– McCarthy versus the armyMcCarthy versus the army

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“Under the new balance of power in the postwar world, the United States and the Soviet Union stood alone as superpowers, with the potential capability to annihilate each other and the rest of the world.”

chapter 27: cold war america

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