Chapter 27: Cold War America 1945-1960

Chapter 27 Learning Objectives1. What were the origins of the Cold War?

Explain its broad ideological, economic, political, & military components.

2. Analyze & discuss America’s plans of containment & economic aid & the consequent events that characterized foreign affairs between 1945-1852.

3. What were the causes, conduct, & consequences of the Korean War?

4. How did the Cold War affect domestic economic & political affairs in the 1950s?

5. How & why did civil rights emerge as a national domestic issue after 1945?

Yalta Conference Sets the Stage for the Cold War

BBC. "Days That Shook the World: 1901–1954."unitedstreaming: http://www.unitedstreaming.com/

The Cold War 1945-1991: An Ideological Struggle

Soviet & Eastern Bloc Nations

“Iron Curtain”

US & Western Democracies

GOAL spread world-wide Communism

GOAL “Containment” of Communism & the eventual collapse of the Communist world.[George Kennan]METHODOLOGIES:

1. Espionage [KGB vs. CIA]

2. Arms Race [nuclear escalation]

3. Ideological Competition for the minds and hearts of Third World peoples [Communist govt. & command economy vs. democratic govt. & capitalist economy] “proxy wars”

4. Bi-Polarization of Europe [NATO vs. Warsaw Pact]

The “Iron Curtain”

From Stettin in the Balkans, to Trieste in the Adriatic, an iron curtainhas descended across the Continent. Behind that line lies the ancient capitals of Central and Eastern Europe.

-- Sir Winston Churchill, 1946

Post-War Germany

Section 1: The Cold War Abroad What factors gave rise to the

Cold War between the United States & the Soviet Union?

What were the key aspects of the Truman Doctrine?

What were the key aspects of the Marshall plan?

What was the Berlin Blockade & Berlin Airlift? What was the significance of this event?

What was NATO? What was the Warsaw Pact?

Truman Doctrine 19471. Civil War in Greece.

2. Turkey under pressure from the USSR for concessions in the Dardanelles.

3. The U. S. should support free peoples throughout the world who were resisting takeovers by armed minorities or outside pressures…We must assist free peoples to work out their own destinies in their own way.

4. The U.S. gave Greece & Turkey $400 million in aid.

Truman Doctrine 1947

Marshall Plan 19481. “European Recovery

Program.”

2. Secretary of State, George Marshall

3. The U. S. should provide aid to all European nations that need it. This move is not against any country or doctrine, but against hunger, poverty, desperation, and chaos.

4. $12.5 billion of US aid to Western Europe extended to Eastern Europe & USSR, [but this was rejected].

Marshall Plan 1948

Poster designed to build support for the Marshall Plan

Berlin Blockade & Airlift 1948-1949

Berlin Blockade & Airlift 1948-1949

BBC. "Days That Shook the World: 1901–1954."unitedstreaming: http://www.unitedstreaming.com/

The Arms Race: A “Missile Gap?”The Soviet Union

exploded its first A-bomb in 1949.

Now there were two nuclear superpowers!

North Atlantic Treaty Organization 1949

v United States

v Belgium

v Britain

v Canada

v Denmark

v France

v Iceland

v Italy

v Luxemburg

v Netherlands

v Norway

v Portugal

v 1952: Greece & Turkey

v 1955: West Germany

v 1983: Spain

Warsaw Pact 1955

U. S. S. R.

Albania

Bulgaria

Czechoslovakia

East Germany

Hungary

Poland

Rumania

Mao’s Revolution-the Establishment of the People’s Republic of China: 1949

Who lost China?

Mao’s Revolution-the Establishment of the People’s Republic of China: 1949

BBC. "Days That Shook the World: 1901–1954."unitedstreaming: http://www.unitedstreaming.com/

Mao Zedong

Korean War 1950-1953 What impact did NSC-68 &

and the Korean War have on the development of Cold War American defense policy?

How did the Korean War demonstrate the strengths & weaknesses of the new United Nations?

Why did President Truman & General Douglas MacArthur clash during the Korean War?

Was the Korean War a successful demonstration of the Truman Doctrine & Containment or a failure?

Korean War 1950-1953

BBC. "Days That Shook the World: 1901–1954."unitedstreaming: http://www.unitedstreaming.com/