chapter 26 the west and the agricultural revolution
TRANSCRIPT
![Page 1: Chapter 26 The West and the Agricultural Revolution](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062314/56649dcf5503460f94ac3736/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Chapter 26
The West and the Agricultural Revolution
![Page 2: Chapter 26 The West and the Agricultural Revolution](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062314/56649dcf5503460f94ac3736/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Frontier Moving West Very few people in
middle of west Except Mormon,
trading camps, gold mines and Spanish Mexican settlements
![Page 3: Chapter 26 The West and the Agricultural Revolution](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062314/56649dcf5503460f94ac3736/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
The Great West Spanned 1,000 miles Variety in landscape Indian, buffalo,
desert, mountains Carved into states by
1890 Pioneers carve up land
and subdue the Indians
![Page 4: Chapter 26 The West and the Agricultural Revolution](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062314/56649dcf5503460f94ac3736/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Indians in Great West 360,000 lived in
Great West in 1860
March of whites and progress lead to confrontation Destroy the
hunting ground of Native Americans
![Page 5: Chapter 26 The West and the Agricultural Revolution](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062314/56649dcf5503460f94ac3736/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Plains Indians Become superb
rider and hunters of buffalo
Turned into nomadic hunters Tried to separate
tribes by boundaries
![Page 6: Chapter 26 The West and the Agricultural Revolution](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062314/56649dcf5503460f94ac3736/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Whites set off environmental cycle1. Spread disease2. Kill off buffalo3. -Tribes fought
over the scarce hunting grounds
4. -Sioux displace the Chippewas
5. -Crows being moved by the Sioux
6. -Pawnees seek refuge on Indian Territory
![Page 7: Chapter 26 The West and the Agricultural Revolution](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062314/56649dcf5503460f94ac3736/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Fort Laramie and Fort Atkinson (1851 & 1853)
Sign treaty with chief of different tribes
Beginning of reservation system
![Page 8: Chapter 26 The West and the Agricultural Revolution](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062314/56649dcf5503460f94ac3736/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Whites misunderstood Indian organization
Indians did not recognize any outside their families or elders
Did not understand nomadic Plains Indians
![Page 9: Chapter 26 The West and the Agricultural Revolution](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062314/56649dcf5503460f94ac3736/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Reservations Sioux in Dakotas Indian Territory of
Oklahoma Indians promised to
be left alone and given provisions Often corrupt agents Gave defective
provisions or sold provisions on black market
![Page 10: Chapter 26 The West and the Agricultural Revolution](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062314/56649dcf5503460f94ac3736/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
White Guilt Disregarded treaty
promises Seize Indian lands Slaughter Indian
game Sioux killed
Americans during Civil Was only to be caught and hung
![Page 11: Chapter 26 The West and the Agricultural Revolution](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062314/56649dcf5503460f94ac3736/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
1868-1890 Continuous War between Whites and Indians
Hundreds of engagements
Many Civil War veterans 4 black units 1/5 are black• Generals Sherman
and Custer in the West
• Indians usually better horsemen and better armed
![Page 12: Chapter 26 The West and the Agricultural Revolution](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062314/56649dcf5503460f94ac3736/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
Receding Native Populations
![Page 13: Chapter 26 The West and the Agricultural Revolution](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062314/56649dcf5503460f94ac3736/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
Sand Creek Massacre Col. Chivington
Massacres unarmed Indians
1864 in Colorado
![Page 14: Chapter 26 The West and the Agricultural Revolution](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062314/56649dcf5503460f94ac3736/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
Indians react with cruelty Sioux ambush
Captain William J. Fetterman-All killed and mutilated
![Page 15: Chapter 26 The West and the Agricultural Revolution](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062314/56649dcf5503460f94ac3736/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
Treaty of Fort Laramie (1868)
Great Sioux reservation guaranteed to Sioux
![Page 16: Chapter 26 The West and the Agricultural Revolution](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062314/56649dcf5503460f94ac3736/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
Gold in Dakotas Custer and his
army discover gold Gold seekers rush
into Dakotas Sioux retaliate Sitting Bull
creates plan to defeat Americans
![Page 17: Chapter 26 The West and the Agricultural Revolution](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062314/56649dcf5503460f94ac3736/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
Little Big Horn 1876 Colonel Custer
attacked at little big horn
254 killed Shocks the East
![Page 18: Chapter 26 The West and the Agricultural Revolution](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062314/56649dcf5503460f94ac3736/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
Nez Perce Federal government
wanted to take 90% of there land when gold was found in Idaho
Chief Joseph finally surrenders after a 1,700 mile trek from army
Sent to Kansas“I will fight no more
forever”Eventually allowed to return to Idaho
![Page 19: Chapter 26 The West and the Agricultural Revolution](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062314/56649dcf5503460f94ac3736/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
Apaches Led by Geronimo Pursued into
Mexico by US troops
Move women from his reservation to Florida from Oklahoma
![Page 20: Chapter 26 The West and the Agricultural Revolution](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062314/56649dcf5503460f94ac3736/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
Indian subdued and moved to reservations Cheaper to feed
them the fight them
Ignored for years Factors that tamed
Indians• Railroad• Diseases• Extermination of
buffalo
![Page 21: Chapter 26 The West and the Agricultural Revolution](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062314/56649dcf5503460f94ac3736/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
Bellowing Herds of Bison
![Page 22: Chapter 26 The West and the Agricultural Revolution](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062314/56649dcf5503460f94ac3736/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
Buffalo in the Great West Indians count on
Buffalo fir survival 15 million at close
of Civil War Killed off by
railroad Buffalo Bill kills
over 4,000 in 18 months for railroad
![Page 23: Chapter 26 The West and the Agricultural Revolution](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062314/56649dcf5503460f94ac3736/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
Buffalo killed by the railroad Hides were
valuable and fashionable
Tongues or choice cuts of meat
Many left to rot 1885 fewer than
1,000 buffalo remain
![Page 24: Chapter 26 The West and the Agricultural Revolution](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062314/56649dcf5503460f94ac3736/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
End of the Trail
![Page 25: Chapter 26 The West and the Agricultural Revolution](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062314/56649dcf5503460f94ac3736/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
A Century of Dishonor 1881-Helen Hunt Jackson
Records the governments dealings with the Indians
Stirred American moral sense
What should be done?
• Make them live like the white race
• Forced containment and punishment
![Page 26: Chapter 26 The West and the Agricultural Revolution](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062314/56649dcf5503460f94ac3736/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
Ghost Dance Movement Secret Indian
movement that promised revival of the Indian traditions and revenge on the white man
Outlawed Ended with that
Battle of Wounded Knee
![Page 27: Chapter 26 The West and the Agricultural Revolution](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062314/56649dcf5503460f94ac3736/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
Dawes Severalty Act 1887 Dissolve tribes and
Indian traditions Give each Indian
family 160 acres Get title to land
and citizenship if stayed on land for 25 years
![Page 28: Chapter 26 The West and the Agricultural Revolution](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062314/56649dcf5503460f94ac3736/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
Land not used by Indians would be sold to railroad and settlers
Proceeds go to education of Indians
Carlisle Indian School (1879) Teach the ways of
whites “Kill the Indian and
save the man”
![Page 29: Chapter 26 The West and the Agricultural Revolution](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062314/56649dcf5503460f94ac3736/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
Effects of Dawes Act Tried to make farmers
out of Indians Ignored Indian culture By 1900 Indians had
lost 90% of their land Remains until Indian
Reorganization Act of 1934 Indian population
increase slowly
![Page 30: Chapter 26 The West and the Agricultural Revolution](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062314/56649dcf5503460f94ac3736/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
Mining:From Dishpan to Ore Breaker
![Page 31: Chapter 26 The West and the Agricultural Revolution](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062314/56649dcf5503460f94ac3736/html5/thumbnails/31.jpg)
Miners swarm to West Pikes Peak in 1858
59ers move to Colorado
Comstock Load Nevada 1859 $340 million mined between 1860 and 1890
Montana, Idaho and other western states
![Page 32: Chapter 26 The West and the Agricultural Revolution](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062314/56649dcf5503460f94ac3736/html5/thumbnails/32.jpg)
Boomtowns Saloons Frontier justice Cities vacated as
fast as they were set up
![Page 33: Chapter 26 The West and the Agricultural Revolution](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062314/56649dcf5503460f94ac3736/html5/thumbnails/33.jpg)
Gold becomes big business Takes expensive
machines to mine for gold
Corporations replace single miner
![Page 34: Chapter 26 The West and the Agricultural Revolution](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062314/56649dcf5503460f94ac3736/html5/thumbnails/34.jpg)
Mines help subjugate West• Attracted
population and wealth
• Women moved into the West
• Some gained voting rights
![Page 35: Chapter 26 The West and the Agricultural Revolution](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062314/56649dcf5503460f94ac3736/html5/thumbnails/35.jpg)
Mines help Finance war Build railroad Inject silver issue to
politics Wealth gives west
influence in government
Added to American folklore and literature
![Page 36: Chapter 26 The West and the Agricultural Revolution](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062314/56649dcf5503460f94ac3736/html5/thumbnails/36.jpg)
Beef Bonanza and the Long Drive
![Page 37: Chapter 26 The West and the Agricultural Revolution](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062314/56649dcf5503460f94ac3736/html5/thumbnails/37.jpg)
The Long Drive Heard of cattle driven
north to railroads Herds graved on free
government land Herds moved Abilene,
Dodge City, Ogallala, and Cheyenne where the railroads were
![Page 38: Chapter 26 The West and the Agricultural Revolution](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062314/56649dcf5503460f94ac3736/html5/thumbnails/38.jpg)
Wild Bill Hickock Killed in 1876-
Marshall of Abilene
![Page 39: Chapter 26 The West and the Agricultural Revolution](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062314/56649dcf5503460f94ac3736/html5/thumbnails/39.jpg)
Profitable business Had to avoid
Indian raids Grazing was cheap 4 million cattle
moved between 1866 and 1888
Profits of 40%
![Page 40: Chapter 26 The West and the Agricultural Revolution](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062314/56649dcf5503460f94ac3736/html5/thumbnails/40.jpg)
Railroad hurts cattle industry Brought the
sheepherder and homesteader
Barbed wire fences close cattle routes
Bad weather effects cattle industry
Over expansions and overgrazing
![Page 41: Chapter 26 The West and the Agricultural Revolution](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062314/56649dcf5503460f94ac3736/html5/thumbnails/41.jpg)
Cattle becomes big business
Breeders learn to fence there ranches
Better feeding and stock
Bigger and meatier animals
Organized and influenced or controlled state legislator
![Page 42: Chapter 26 The West and the Agricultural Revolution](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062314/56649dcf5503460f94ac3736/html5/thumbnails/42.jpg)
Hey day of the cowboy Many blacks found
freedom on the range
Contributed to American folklore
![Page 43: Chapter 26 The West and the Agricultural Revolution](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062314/56649dcf5503460f94ac3736/html5/thumbnails/43.jpg)
Free Land For Free Families
![Page 44: Chapter 26 The West and the Agricultural Revolution](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062314/56649dcf5503460f94ac3736/html5/thumbnails/44.jpg)
Homestead Act of 1862 Settles could get
up to 160 acres for living on and improving land for 5 years for $30
After 6 months for $1.25 an acre
![Page 45: Chapter 26 The West and the Agricultural Revolution](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062314/56649dcf5503460f94ac3736/html5/thumbnails/45.jpg)
Encourages rapid settlement of the west
Provide stimulus for family farm “ The Backbone of democracy”
Half a million families took advantage
5 times as many purchased there land from the railroad
![Page 46: Chapter 26 The West and the Agricultural Revolution](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062314/56649dcf5503460f94ac3736/html5/thumbnails/46.jpg)
Homestead Act was a bust for many
Poor farm land in some areas
Many starved or left
![Page 47: Chapter 26 The West and the Agricultural Revolution](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062314/56649dcf5503460f94ac3736/html5/thumbnails/47.jpg)
Fraud in Homestead Act Promoters buy
land Fake improving the
land Deceit cost
government and needy families much of the land
![Page 48: Chapter 26 The West and the Agricultural Revolution](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062314/56649dcf5503460f94ac3736/html5/thumbnails/48.jpg)
Taming Western Deserts
![Page 49: Chapter 26 The West and the Agricultural Revolution](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062314/56649dcf5503460f94ac3736/html5/thumbnails/49.jpg)
Railroad and western development
Profitable marketing for crops
Encourage immigrant to buy cheap government land
![Page 50: Chapter 26 The West and the Agricultural Revolution](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062314/56649dcf5503460f94ac3736/html5/thumbnails/50.jpg)
Great American Desert Myth of the desert
Land was tree less and couldn’t support heavy crops
Iron plow breaks sod
Sodbusters pour into plains
![Page 51: Chapter 26 The West and the Agricultural Revolution](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062314/56649dcf5503460f94ac3736/html5/thumbnails/51.jpg)
100th Meridian John Wesley Powell
said agriculture beyond this point was impossible without massive irraigation
Drought bust farmers in Kansas, Colorado and Montana in 1880s
![Page 52: Chapter 26 The West and the Agricultural Revolution](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062314/56649dcf5503460f94ac3736/html5/thumbnails/52.jpg)
Dry farming Help cultivate arid
west Destroyed soil and
led to Dust Bowl Wheat strands
from Russia and other drought resistant crops grow easily
![Page 53: Chapter 26 The West and the Agricultural Revolution](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062314/56649dcf5503460f94ac3736/html5/thumbnails/53.jpg)
John F. Glidden Perfected the barb
wire to fence the plains
![Page 54: Chapter 26 The West and the Agricultural Revolution](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062314/56649dcf5503460f94ac3736/html5/thumbnails/54.jpg)
Irrigation Federally financed
dams on Missouri, Colorado and Columbia Rivers
45 million acres irrigated over 17 states
Helped more to settle west than many other things
![Page 55: Chapter 26 The West and the Agricultural Revolution](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062314/56649dcf5503460f94ac3736/html5/thumbnails/55.jpg)
The Far West Comes of Age
![Page 56: Chapter 26 The West and the Agricultural Revolution](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062314/56649dcf5503460f94ac3736/html5/thumbnails/56.jpg)
New states join The Union Colorado in 1876 6 new states 1899-
90 Utah in 1889 Population of West
growing rapidly
![Page 57: Chapter 26 The West and the Agricultural Revolution](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062314/56649dcf5503460f94ac3736/html5/thumbnails/57.jpg)
Oklahoma Territory Opened in 1889 Land Rush on April
22, 1889 Sooners jump gun
to get good land early
![Page 58: Chapter 26 The West and the Agricultural Revolution](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062314/56649dcf5503460f94ac3736/html5/thumbnails/58.jpg)
1890 the frontier was gone Fredrick Jackson
Turner “The Significance of the Frontier on American History” 1893
![Page 59: Chapter 26 The West and the Agricultural Revolution](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062314/56649dcf5503460f94ac3736/html5/thumbnails/59.jpg)
Many still moving west Government still
owns land in West that can be homesteaded
Irrigation keeps homesteading alive
![Page 60: Chapter 26 The West and the Agricultural Revolution](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062314/56649dcf5503460f94ac3736/html5/thumbnails/60.jpg)
Protecting Natural Resources
Yellowstone in 1872 and Yosemite and Sequoia in 1890
![Page 61: Chapter 26 The West and the Agricultural Revolution](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062314/56649dcf5503460f94ac3736/html5/thumbnails/61.jpg)
The Folding Frontier
![Page 62: Chapter 26 The West and the Agricultural Revolution](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062314/56649dcf5503460f94ac3736/html5/thumbnails/62.jpg)
Safety Valve Theory When hard times
hit the city you could move west and farm
Very few take advantage Didn’t know how to
farm or didn’t have money to get started
![Page 63: Chapter 26 The West and the Agricultural Revolution](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062314/56649dcf5503460f94ac3736/html5/thumbnails/63.jpg)
Free land does move people West
Industry raised wages to stop labor from moving West
City becomes real safety valve for failed farmers
![Page 64: Chapter 26 The West and the Agricultural Revolution](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062314/56649dcf5503460f94ac3736/html5/thumbnails/64.jpg)
West is Unique Native Americans
made their fought for the West
Anglo and Southwest culture clashed
Asian Americans come to west coast
Environment controls social and political life
Federal government gets involved in settling west
![Page 65: Chapter 26 The West and the Agricultural Revolution](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062314/56649dcf5503460f94ac3736/html5/thumbnails/65.jpg)
West become Part of the American Myth
Writers romanticize the West
Painters capture its growth
![Page 66: Chapter 26 The West and the Agricultural Revolution](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062314/56649dcf5503460f94ac3736/html5/thumbnails/66.jpg)
American experience tied to West Since Columbus
landed people have been pushing West across the hemisphere