CHAPTER 26

SUPERPOWERS IN MODERN WORLD

NIXON VIETNAMIZATION- 1969 president end war “w/ honor”- US planned S. Viet take over when US left- US agreed to leave in return for releasing POW 1973- 1973 S. Viet fell to North

WATERGATE- Dem National Comm broken into 1972 & caught- Nixon knew & was forced out

JIMMY CARTER- 1976 President- served only 1 term b/c of econ & other problems(Iran Hostage)

RON REAGAN- 1980 elected president- National Sec Council sold weapons to Iran in exchange for release of US hostages in Lebanon- $ used to fund Contras in Nicaragua

BILL CLINTON- 1992 president- 2 terms- scandal plagued-

US USSR RELATIONS- Détente- “easing of strain” between- started by Nixon- Carter not happy b/c of human right violations- Carter Doctrine- 1980 US would regard any attempt by outside forces to control Persian gulf as assault on US(1980 US boycotted Olympics)

US & CHINA- 70’s & 80’s improved- Nixon 1st to visit- 80’s human rights became issue- sold weapons to Iran- 2001 US spy plane captured(major international affair eventually solved)

THATCHERISM- 1st female PM in GB- Thatcherism- reduce govt funding of social programs & getting govt out of private sector

TONY BLAIR- labor party member- ran the country from 1997-2007-pro US

N. IRELAND- only part of Ireland remain Protestant & part of GB- Prot control everything Catholics not happy- 70’s Catholics used violence

IRA- Irish Rep Army- Catholics- goal get GB out& unify Ireland

FRANCEPOMPIDOU- took over for de Gaulle-

stayed pro-alliesMITTERAND- 1981 elected- socialist

increased govt role in econ- moved away from in 90’s

CHIRAC- 1995 Paris mayor elected- conservative- voted out & re-elected-just voted out recently

GERMANYBRANDT- 1969 elected- tried to

play both sides of fence w/ communist & non- “Ostpolitik” treaties in 70’s w/ Poland & USSR

KUHL- 1982 elected- wanted to be like Reagan & Thatcher- helps unify Germany

HELSINKI ACCORD- 1975 35 nations(US & USSR) discussed security & cooperation in Euro- gave Euro framework for econ & tech coop & peace way to settle disputes- never used more symbolic

NATO- helped keep West safe during Cold War- ? Role to play after

Maastricht Treaty- created Euro Union

BREZHNEV- led USSR 70’s- crushed rebellion in Czech 1968

BREZHNEV DOCTRINE- USSR intervene in any satellite country trying to move away from communism

GORBACHEV- 1985 took over- overhauled econ & political system

PERESTROIKA- restructuring reforms relaxing econ control & dissent(cut size of military)

GLASNOST- “Openness”- w/drew soldiers from Afghan- mixed econ cost jobs

YELTSIN- took over for Gorb- USSR break up- Democratic transition

WALESA- leader of labor dispute in Poland- union called “Solidarity”- helped free Poland of Communism

YUGO & BREAKUPYUGO & BREAKUPEthnic groups: Serbs, Croats,

Slovenians, Macedonians, & Albanians (different languages & religions)

Serbs- E. Ortho. Croats & Slove- Catholic. Bosnia/Herz- Muslims

Serbs took over after communism fell- Croats/Slove declare ind as well as Bosnia

YUGO & BREAKUPYUGO & BREAKUPBOSNIAN PROBLEM-

ethnic/religious mix- 1/3 of pop wanted to stay Yugo/Serbs- Bosnian Serbs start to cleanse against Muslims- Bosnian govt controlled by Muslims

DAYTON ACCORD- Bosnian Serbs got some land as long as recognized Muslim govt