Chapter 26 Section 1Chapter 26 Section 1

The Road to WarThe Road to War

The Rise of Dictators

• Germany- Adolf Hitler

• Italy- Benito Mussolini

• Soviet Union-Joseph Stalin

• A dictator is a person who rules a country by force. They demand all power and all control over the country and its people.

Mussolini-ItalyMussolini-Italy

Mussolini Mussolini became leader of Italy in 1922became leader of Italy in 1922..Mussolini Mussolini was a fascistwas a fascist, who banned all , who banned all other political parties.other political parties.FascismFascism means means extreme nationalism and extreme nationalism and racism.racism.Mussolini built up Italy’s military and Mussolini built up Italy’s military and invaded Ethiopiainvaded Ethiopia in in 19351935 and took it over. and took it over.Italy attacked and Italy attacked and annexed Albaniaannexed Albania in in 1939.1939.

MussoliniMussolini and Hitler

Adolf HitlerAdolf Hitler

Hitler Hitler became Chancellorbecame Chancellor of Germany of Germany in in 1933.1933.

Germany became a Germany became a totalitarian state, totalitarian state, a single political party that a single political party that suppresses opposition and controls suppresses opposition and controls all aspects of people’s lives.all aspects of people’s lives.

Mein KampfMein Kampf – “My – “My Struggle”Struggle”

Hitler set forth his Hitler set forth his views on Germany views on Germany in his famous book in his famous book – – Mein KampfMein Kampf..

In this book, he lays In this book, he lays out his ideas for out his ideas for restoring German restoring German pride and his pride and his

anti-semiticanti-semitic views views against the Jews. against the Jews.

Joseph StalinJoseph Stalin

Joseph Stalin rose to power in the Joseph Stalin rose to power in the 1920’s as the 1920’s as the Communist leader of Communist leader of the Soviet Union.the Soviet Union.

He He demanded complete obediencedemanded complete obedience from the people.from the people.

He He ordered the deaths of 1000’sordered the deaths of 1000’s of of people suspected of supporting his people suspected of supporting his rivals and rivals and sent millions to labor sent millions to labor camps.camps.

American NeutralityAmerican Neutrality

The The U.S. wanted to avoid war.U.S. wanted to avoid war.

Congress passed the Congress passed the Neutrality Acts Neutrality Acts between 1935 and 1937.between 1935 and 1937.

These acts These acts banned the sale of weapons to banned the sale of weapons to countries at war.countries at war.

Germany on the MarchGermany on the March

► Hitler wanted to Hitler wanted to expand Germany’s expand Germany’s holding in Europe.holding in Europe.

► In In 19361936 he he invaded the Rhinelandinvaded the Rhineland, a , a demilitarized zone between Germany demilitarized zone between Germany and France, established by theTreaty and France, established by theTreaty of Versailles after WWI.of Versailles after WWI.

► In In 19381938, he invaded and , he invaded and annexed annexed AustriaAustria..

► The The SudetenlandSudetenland, in Czechoslovakia, , in Czechoslovakia, was was given to Hitler at the Munich given to Hitler at the Munich ConferenceConference by European leaders who by European leaders who wanted to appease Hitler.wanted to appease Hitler.

► Hitler promised not to expand Hitler promised not to expand Germany any further.Germany any further.

Rhineland

1939

Germany on the MarchGermany on the March

19391939- Hitler - Hitler invadedinvaded and took over and took over the rest of the rest of Czechoslovakia.Czechoslovakia.

Hitler made plans to invade Poland.Hitler made plans to invade Poland. 1939- Hitler and Stalin signed the 1939- Hitler and Stalin signed the

Soviet-German Non-Aggression Pact.Soviet-German Non-Aggression Pact. Freed Hitler to use force against Freed Hitler to use force against

Poland without interference from the Poland without interference from the Soviet Union.Soviet Union.

Germany invaded 1939

POLAND

POLAND

PolandPolandPOLAND