Chapter 26Section 1

Queen Victoria Suffrage Chartist movement Third Republic Dreyfuss affair Anti-Semitism Zionism

Growing prosperity of the working and middles classes led to demand for goods

1800 landowning aristocrats made up Parliament

Some industrial cities had no representation

Britain wealthy male property owners could vote

Catholics and Jews could hold political office

House of Commons not paid so only wealthy served

British liberals were challenging the old order

People demanded greater political participation

Reform Act of 1832 gave representation in Parliament

• Gave the vote to the middle class

• Increased eligible voters by 50%

• Reduced power of the aristocracy

• Only men with a certain amount of property could vote

• Prevented many working class from voting

• Investigate treatment of children in factories– Harmful conditions– Mistreatment– Long hours– Low wages

• Passed the Factory Act of 1833

• Teenagers could not work more than 12 hours

• Children 9-13 had to receive two hours of school

1833 Parliament abolished slavery

Government would compensate slave owners

Passed public health and crime laws to improve living conditions

1839 Chartists demanded voting rights for all

men Secret ballot Annual elections Pay representatives

in parliament Secret ballot

prevented intimidation during voting

Parliament rejected their ideas

Turned down the People’s Charter

By the end of the 1800’s many of their reforms had been passed

1837 Queen Victoria Reign lasted to 1901

longest in British history

Became more democratic during her reign

Government was run primarily by Prime Minister and the Cabinet

• Benjamin Disraeli- Prime Minister, member of Conservative party

• Slow to accept reforms• Wanted to preserve

the past• Gladstone was a liberal• More progressive to

solving society’s problems

Disraeli put forth a new reform bill

1867 one out of every three men could vote

Another bill created the secret ballot

1885 Gladstone pushed a reform bill that extended voting rights even further

Suffrage- the right to vote

Women’s rights were raised during the Enlightenment

1800’s women not equals Could not own

property Not considered

legal guardians of their children

Queen Victoria against women’s right to vote

“Mad, wicked folly.” 1886 Disraeli

argued for women’s right to vote

Said if a women could be queen or own land they should be able to vote

Millicent Garrett Fawcett -lobbied members of

Parliament Signed petitions Educated the public

Emmeline Pankhurst Founded Women’s

Social and Political Union

“You have to make more noise than everyone else”

1918 Parliament grants the right to vote

Women over the age of 30

1928 women have the same voting rights as men

The Third Republic lasted for 60 years

France averaged one government per year

Dozen political parties lobbied for power

1875 National Assembly votes to set up the republic

Controversial court case

1894 Alfred Dreyfus French captain falsely accused of betraying secrets to Germany

Knew he was not guilty

Held a military ceremony to humiliate him

Crowd chanted “kill him”

Evidence suggests another officer was guilty

Second officer was not Jewish

Dreyfus cleared in 1906

Divided people in France

Emile Zola-French writer came to his defense

“J’accuse” letter accused the French government of anti-Semitism

Led French courts to reopen the case

Letter set off anti-Semitic riots in 50 towns

Important affect on Jewish nationalism

Theodor Herzl-Hungarian born-Jewish journalist who covered the story

Shocked by the anti-Semitism in France

Root of the problem is that Jews did not have a country in Europe

1896 published The Jewish State

Outlined plan for an independent Jewish country

Zionism-Jewish nationalist movement to create a Jewish state in their original homeland

1900’s number of Jewish people returned to their original homeland

Russians organized pogroms of violence against the Jews

1880’s Jews fled Eastern Europe

Many headed for the United States

Jews wanted a homeland in Palestine