Chapter 25 Section 3Chapter 25 Section 3

Judaism and ChristianityJudaism and Christianity

• Hebrews (later called Jews) moved from Hebrews (later called Jews) moved from Palestine (Israel) to EgyptPalestine (Israel) to Egypt– Drought & famine forced them out of Drought & famine forced them out of

Palestine/CanaanPalestine/Canaan– In Egypt-enslavedIn Egypt-enslaved– Eventually Moses helped the Hebrews to Eventually Moses helped the Hebrews to

escapeescape•Led to Sinai Peninsula (eventually to Palestine)Led to Sinai Peninsula (eventually to Palestine)

•Voice of God told him that the Hebrews were Voice of God told him that the Hebrews were the chosen people of God as long as they were the chosen people of God as long as they were faithfulfaithful

History of Jews

History of Jews Cont.History of Jews Cont.

•God had made a covenant God had made a covenant (binding agreement) & therefore (binding agreement) & therefore accepted God as the ruler of accepted God as the ruler of Heaven & EarthHeaven & Earth–Called Jews b/c of the name Called Jews b/c of the name Judea which was given to their Judea which was given to their landland

• Left Sinai Peninsula (Egypt) for Left Sinai Peninsula (Egypt) for Fertile Crescent & formed IsraelFertile Crescent & formed Israel– Frequently threatened by invaders Frequently threatened by invaders

WHY? (pg 563)WHY? (pg 563)•no natural barriers, fertile landno natural barriers, fertile land

– 2 great Kings2 great Kings•David- skilled generalDavid- skilled general

– United IsraelUnited Israel– Made it a power in M.EMade it a power in M.E

•Solomon-wiseSolomon-wise– PeacefulPeaceful– Built palaces & temples to GodBuilt palaces & temples to God– Heavy taxes to pay for buildingHeavy taxes to pay for building

• After Solomon’s death many revolts After Solomon’s death many revolts (weakened kingdom)(weakened kingdom)foreign rulers foreign rulers conquered & forced Hebrews into conquered & forced Hebrews into exileexile– Were allowed to return under PersiansWere allowed to return under Persians

•Rebuilt Solomon’s temple in JerusalemRebuilt Solomon’s temple in Jerusalem

•Many foreign leaders ruled them Many foreign leaders ruled them (Persians, Greeks, & Romans)(Persians, Greeks, & Romans)

•Jews revolted against Romans-warJews revolted against Romans-war– Romans forced survivors out of PalestineRomans forced survivors out of Palestine– The scattering of Jews throughout world is The scattering of Jews throughout world is

called _____________ (see pg 564)called _____________ (see pg 564)Diaspora

SummarySummary

• Summarize in one sentence the Summarize in one sentence the difficulties the Jews endured before difficulties the Jews endured before the common era began. the common era began.

JudaismJudaism• MonotheismMonotheism

• Yahweh-name of GodYahweh-name of God

• Torah-sacred bookTorah-sacred book– Moral/religious lawsMoral/religious laws

• Thought they were the Thought they were the chosen/special peoplechosen/special people

• 10 commandments10 commandments– Religious, ethical, moral lawsReligious, ethical, moral laws– Forbid stealing, lying, cheating, & Forbid stealing, lying, cheating, &

murdermurder

Judaism Cont.Judaism Cont.• Believe people/rulers should lead Believe people/rulers should lead

moral livesmoral lives• Prophets-religious teachersProphets-religious teachers• Did not regard rulers as GodsDid not regard rulers as Gods• Each individual is responsible for Each individual is responsible for

his/her actionshis/her actions• Messiah-one anointed by GodMessiah-one anointed by God

– Would deliver from foreign ruleWould deliver from foreign rule

• God-angry & punishGod-angry & punish• Jesus= troublemaker (rulers)Jesus= troublemaker (rulers)

ChristianityChristianity• Grew out JudaismGrew out Judaism

• First 5 books of Bible are from the TorahFirst 5 books of Bible are from the Torah

• Jesus is founderJesus is founder– Story of life is in GospelStory of life is in Gospel

• Disciples-followersDisciples-followers

• Jesus is the son of GodJesus is the son of God– Teachings in New TestamentTeachings in New Testament

• Monotheism (same God as Jews)Monotheism (same God as Jews)

• 10 commandments10 commandments

• Stressed love for God & compassion for Stressed love for God & compassion for all peopleall people

Christianity Cont.Christianity Cont.

• Forgiving GodForgiving God

• God sees everyone as equalGod sees everyone as equal

• Parables-short stories w/ moral Parables-short stories w/ moral lessonslessons

• Wealth doesn’t equal salvationWealth doesn’t equal salvation

YES-NO-WHYYES-NO-WHY

• Christians must live more moral lives Christians must live more moral lives than Jews. than Jews.

Spread of ChristianitySpread of Christianity

• Peter & Paul were missionaries that Peter & Paul were missionaries that spread Jesus’ messagespread Jesus’ message

• Romans tolerated religious beliefs of Romans tolerated religious beliefs of diverse peoplediverse people– However they were suspicious of However they were suspicious of

Christians WHY? (see pg 565)Christians WHY? (see pg 565)•b/c they refused to show respect for Roman b/c they refused to show respect for Roman

GodsGods

•Christians were often persecutedChristians were often persecuted•Martyrs are (see pg 565)Martyrs are (see pg 565)

– -people who suffer/die b/c of their beliefs-people who suffer/die b/c of their beliefs

Spread of Christianity Cont.Spread of Christianity Cont.

• Eventually Roman Emperor Eventually Roman Emperor Constantine converted to Constantine converted to ChristianityChristianityended persecutionended persecution– By 395AD –Official ReligionBy 395AD –Official Religion

Appeal of ChristianityAppeal of Christianity• Rich & poorRich & poor

– Hope of salvation & eternal lifeHope of salvation & eternal life– Can reach salvation through moral choices Can reach salvation through moral choices

(control of own destiny)(control of own destiny)– All equalAll equal

Pope- father of ChurchPope- father of Church

2 branches of Christianity2 branches of Christianity– Roman Catholic-Pope is headRoman Catholic-Pope is head– Eastern Orthodox-emperor controlledEastern Orthodox-emperor controlled

YES-NO-WHYYES-NO-WHY

• The Christian and Jewish teachings The Christian and Jewish teachings have influenced life in the US.have influenced life in the US.

AssignmentAssignment

• Analyze the following: “The blood of Analyze the following: “The blood of the martyrs is the seed of the the martyrs is the seed of the Christian Church.” Christian Church.”

•What do you think he meant?What do you think he meant?•Why might this be true?Why might this be true?