Chapter 24: World War II: The Road to War

(1931 – 1941)

I. Post World War I

A. Good Neighbor PolicyB. Europe & Rise of Totalitarianism

* Italy & Mussolini* Germany & Hitler* Soviet Union & Stalin

C. Japan* Meiji Restoration… Manchuria

II. Events Leading to World War II

A. Record of Aggression: Chart* Appeasement: to give in to a potential enemy to keep the peace* Stimson Doctrine* 1938: Munich Pact / Munich Conference

II. Events Leading to WWII

B. Causes of World War II1. Totalitarianism2. Militarism3. Nationalism4. Imperialism

5. Failure of Appeasement & League of Nations6. American Neutrality

II. Events Leading to WWII

C. US Neutrality Legislation1. Neutrality Act of 1935

* Senator Gerald Nye & Nye Committee* Bankers: “merchants of death”* Act: arms embargo & prohibit US

citizens from traveling on ships to war area: Why?2. Neutrality Act of 1936

* Extend embargo another year* Prohibit loans to nations at war

II. Events Leading to WWII

C. US Neutrality Legislation3. FDR’s Quarantine Speech

* 1937: Japan invades China* Urges US to join other powers to

check aggression… “quarantine” in order to protect the world

* Starts to signal a change…

III. The US Moves Towards War

Introduction…A. Neutrality Act of 1937

* “Cash & Carry Provision”* 1939: weapons ok

B. “Destroyers for Bases” (Sept ‘40)* America First Committee * Charles Lindbergh

C. Peacetime Conscription (Sept 1940)

III. The US Moves Towards War

D. Four Freedoms* Part of State of Union Address… “Great Arsenal of Democracy”1. Freedom of Expression2. Freedom to Worship God3. Freedom From Want4. Freedom From Fear

…Everywhere!

Norman Rockwell’s The Four Freedoms

III. The US Moves Towards War

E. Lend-Lease (Feb 1941)F. The Atlantic Charter (August 1941)

1. US & Britain: no territorial gains2. People should choose own govt3. Disarmament4. Freedom of seas; from want & fear5. Territorial Adjustments6. Association of Nations… foundation of UN

IV. Japan’s Attack on Pearl Harbor

“Day that will live in infamy…”While Japanese & US diplomats negotiated…

Why?1. Assure Japanese domination2. Humble US… 3. Part of Axis… would have to limit aid to

Britain

Chapter 25: World War II

I. The US Organizes for VictoryA. Introduction… Allies v. Axis (chart); “Germany First”B. Economic Mobilization *** Federal Govt Expand

1. War Production Board* Shift from peace to war economy

2. War Labor Board* Labor/ Management; no strike

pledges

I. The US Organizes for Victory

B. Economic Mobilization3. Office of Price Administration

* Rationing/ ration booklet4. Treasury Department

* Federal spending increased from $8.9 billion (1939) to $95.2 billion (1945)5. Office of War Information

“Don’t you know there’s a war going on?”

II. Major Events of World War II

A. Chart of Events & MapsAdd: Bataan Death March (1942)* 78,000 POW… 10,000 died on 65m march

“Island Hopping” w/ MacArthur…

II. Major Events of WWII

B. Wartime Diplomacy1. Atlantic Charter (1941)2. Casablanca (1943)

“Victory on all Fronts”… “Unconditional Surrender”3. Cairo (1943)

* FDR, Churchill, Chiang Kai-shek

II. Major Events of WWII

B. Wartime Diplomacy4. Tehran Conference (1943)

* FDR, Churchill, Stalin… 2nd Front5. Yalta Conference (1945)

* Churchill, FDR, Stalin* Division of Germany into spheres of

influence* Promises, Promises: trials, elections,

Japan* Controversial…

II. Major Events of WWII

B. Wartime Diplomacy6. Potsdam Conference (1945)

* Churchill, Stalin, and Truman

II. Major Events of WWII

C. The Atomic Bomb* Manhattan Project… Enola Gay* August 6 (Hiroshima); August 9 (Nagasaki)* Why Drop?* Effects: Atomic Age

II. Major Events of WWII

D. The HolocaustWar Refugee Board… genocide

III. The Home FrontA. Women

* WACs v. Rosie the RiveterB. African Americans

* Tuskegee Airmen* Executive Order 8802: outlaw discrimination in govt* Executive Order 9981: end racial segregation in military

III. The Home Front

C. Japanese Americans * Wartime Relocation Authority (WRA)* Korematsu v. US (1944)* Nisei Soldiers

IV. The Legacy of WWII

A. The Nuremberg TrialsB. “DeNazification”C. The Occupation of Japan: MacArthurD. The United Nations

Chart… Universal Declaration of Human Rights

V. Post War America

Introduction… demobilizationA. Truman’s “Fair Deal”Intro…

1. The GI Bill of Rights2. Employment Act of 1946

* Council of Economic Advisors3. Taft-Hartley Act (1947)

* Cooling off; closed shop; “right to work” laws4. National Security Act (1947): CIA

VI. Post War America

B. Baby Boom