Chapter 24 Viruses

Chapter 24 VirusesMrs. Shanna CoanBiologyHartselle High Schoola nonliving, infectious particle composed of a nucleic acid and a protein coat VIRUSa protein sheath that surrounds the nucleic acid core in a virus CAPSIDa membrane like layer that covers the capsids of some viruses ENVELOPEviral DNA that has attached to a host cells chromosome and the is replicated with the chromosomes DNA PROVIRUSa virus that contains single-stranded RNA and produces a reverse transcriptase, which converts RNA to DNA RETROVIRUSan enzyme that catalyzes the formation of DNA from an RNA template REVERSE TRANSCRIPTASEa virus that infects bacteria BACTERIOPHAGEa method of viral replication that results in the destruction of a host cell and the release of many new virus particles LYTIC CYCLEdescribes a microorganism that causes disease and that is highly infectious VIRULENTthe disintegration of a cell by disruption of the plasma membrane LYSISa method of viral replication in which a viral genome is replicated as a provirus without destroying the host cell LYSOGENIC CYCLEa virus whose replication includes the lysogenic cycle TEMPERATE VIRUSthe viral genome of a bacteriophage that has entered a bacterial cell, has become attached to the bacterial chromosome, and is replicated with the host bacteriums DNA PROPHAGEany agent that can incorporate foreign NDA and transfer that DNA from one organism to another VECTORa type of drug that blocks the synthesis of new viral capsid and that is used to treat diseases such as AIDS PROTEASE INHIBITORa gene that induces cancer or uncontrolled cell proliferation ONCOGENEa gene that regulates normal cell division but that can become a cancer-causing oncogene as a result of mutation or recombination PROTO-ONCOGENEa disease that is caused by new or reappearing infectious agents that typically exist in animal populations EMERGING DISEASEa virus that is not able to replicate in a host cell INACTIVATED VIRUSa weakened form, of a virus, that cannot cause disease ATTENUATED VIRUSan infectious agent that is made-up of a short, circular, single strand of RNA that does not have a capsid; smallest known particle that is able to replicate VIROIDan infectious particle that consists only of a protein and that does not contain DNA or RNA PRION