chapter 24chapter 24

United States Involvement in United States Involvement in Latin AmericaLatin America

chapter objectiveschapter objectives

By the end of this chapter, you should be able to…By the end of this chapter, you should be able to…

• explain why the United States got involved with explain why the United States got involved with situations in Chile, Venezuela, Mexico, and Nicaraguasituations in Chile, Venezuela, Mexico, and Nicaragua

• explain how America influenced Latin American explain how America influenced Latin American governmentsgovernments

• tell how the United States gained control of Panama so tell how the United States gained control of Panama so they could build the Panama Canalthey could build the Panama Canal

• describe American foreign policy goals in Latin Americadescribe American foreign policy goals in Latin America

What do you already know?What do you already know?

Where is Latin America?Where is Latin America? What countries are in Latin America?What countries are in Latin America? What was the Monroe Doctrine?What was the Monroe Doctrine? What Latin American countries What Latin American countries

became territories of the U.S. after became territories of the U.S. after the Spanish-American War?the Spanish-American War?

What did American businesses want What did American businesses want in Latin American countries?in Latin American countries?

Latin Latin AmericaAmerica

The Monroe DoctrineThe Monroe DoctrineWhen Latin America got independence When Latin America got independence

from Spain, many European from Spain, many European countries wanted to make new countries wanted to make new colonies in there. countries such as colonies in there. countries such as Germany, England, and France Germany, England, and France were trying to take over countries in were trying to take over countries in Latin America. President Monroe Latin America. President Monroe wanted those European imperialist wanted those European imperialist countries to stay out of Latin countries to stay out of Latin America. He wrote “the Monroe America. He wrote “the Monroe Doctrine”. This doctrine said that Doctrine”. This doctrine said that European countries must stay out of European countries must stay out of Latin America. It said that America Latin America. It said that America would fight for this reason.would fight for this reason.

The Monroe Doctrine was designed to The Monroe Doctrine was designed to keep the Latin American countries keep the Latin American countries independent and keep the independent and keep the European countries out, but it also European countries out, but it also made the U.S. the “boss” in a way.made the U.S. the “boss” in a way.

1817 – 1825

The Monroe DoctrineThe Monroe Doctrine

Later on, many American Presidents Later on, many American Presidents believed that the Monroe Doctrine made believed that the Monroe Doctrine made the U.S. the “boss” and the policeman of the U.S. the “boss” and the policeman of Latin America. The U.S. got involved with Latin America. The U.S. got involved with many situations in Latin American many situations in Latin American countries.countries.

Some people considered this involvement Some people considered this involvement to be good, but others considered it to be to be good, but others considered it to be imperialism.imperialism.

The Spanish-American WarThe Spanish-American War In 1898, America In 1898, America

fought a war with fought a war with Spain and forced them Spain and forced them out of Latin America.out of Latin America.

America promised the America promised the Latin American Latin American countries their countries their independence, but did independence, but did not really give it to not really give it to them.them.

American had become American had become an imperialist country.an imperialist country.

The Spanish-American WarThe Spanish-American War

Find two of the territories taken by the U.S. during the war.Find two of the territories taken by the U.S. during the war.

What did American businesses want in Latin What did American businesses want in Latin American countries?American countries?

American companies wanted to do business in Latin America.American companies wanted to do business in Latin America. They wanted raw materials such as sugar, tobacco, fruit, or They wanted raw materials such as sugar, tobacco, fruit, or

coffee. coffee. They also wanted new markets to sell their products in. They also wanted new markets to sell their products in. Many of these companies owned land and businesses. Many of these companies owned land and businesses.

They wanted to protect their land and businesses. They wanted to protect their land and businesses. They wanted Latin American countries to have They wanted Latin American countries to have

governments that were “friendly” to U.S. businesses. governments that were “friendly” to U.S. businesses. They wanted to stop revolutions and unions that would hurt They wanted to stop revolutions and unions that would hurt

their businesses. their businesses.

This is why America and American businessmen got involved This is why America and American businessmen got involved with Latin American politics.with Latin American politics.

U.S. interference in Latin American U.S. interference in Latin American politicspolitics

For 100 years, the United States For 100 years, the United States interfered with Latin American interfered with Latin American governments.governments.

U.S. interference in Latin American politicsU.S. interference in Latin American politics

ChileChile In 1891, there was a civil In 1891, there was a civil

war in Chile. One side of war in Chile. One side of the Civil War was friendly the Civil War was friendly to American businesses. to American businesses. The other side wasn’t. The other side wasn’t. The American government The American government helped the side that was helped the side that was friendly to American friendly to American businesses, but they lost businesses, but they lost the civil war. Chilean the civil war. Chilean people were angry that people were angry that the U.S. had interfered the U.S. had interfered with their political with their political situation.situation.

U.S. interference in Latin American politicsU.S. interference in Latin American politics

Venezuela Venezuela In 1895, there was a In 1895, there was a

dispute between dispute between Venezuela and Great Venezuela and Great Britain. Both Britain. Both countries claimed they countries claimed they owned the land owned the land between British between British Guiana and Guiana and Venezuela. That land Venezuela. That land had a lot of gold in it. had a lot of gold in it. Great Britain wanted Great Britain wanted to attack Venezuela. to attack Venezuela.

VenezuelaVenezuela The U.S. cited the The U.S. cited the

Monroe Doctrine. Monroe Doctrine. They told Great Britain They told Great Britain that the U.S. would that the U.S. would fight them if they fight them if they attacked Venezuela. attacked Venezuela. Great Britain agreed Great Britain agreed to let a committee to let a committee decide who owned the decide who owned the land. Venezuela was land. Venezuela was not allowed to not allowed to participate in the participate in the committee. The committee. The committee decided to committee decided to give the land to Great give the land to Great Britain. Britain.

U.S. interference in Latin U.S. interference in Latin American politicsAmerican politics

---Venezuela------Venezuela---

This event showed the world two This event showed the world two things about the U.S. First was that things about the U.S. First was that the U.S. was the boss in Latin the U.S. was the boss in Latin America. Second was that they America. Second was that they didn’t have much respect for their didn’t have much respect for their Latin American neighbors.Latin American neighbors.

Memory checkMemory check

Why did the U.S. get involved with Why did the U.S. get involved with the situation in Chile?the situation in Chile?

Why did the U.S. get involved with Why did the U.S. get involved with the dispute between Venezuela and the dispute between Venezuela and Great Britain?Great Britain?

How did the solution to that dispute How did the solution to that dispute anger Venezuela?anger Venezuela?

The Big Stick PolicyThe Big Stick Policy

President Roosevelt President Roosevelt officially expanded on officially expanded on the Monroe Doctrine. the Monroe Doctrine. His new policy was His new policy was called the Roosevelt called the Roosevelt corollary. This policy corollary. This policy was also called the was also called the “Big Stick” policy. It “Big Stick” policy. It said that the U.S. said that the U.S. would be the boss and would be the boss and policeman in Latin policeman in Latin America.America.

The Big Stick PolicyThe Big Stick Policy

As part of the Big As part of the Big Stick policy, Latin Stick policy, Latin American countries American countries were forced to pay were forced to pay all their debts. all their debts. When they did not When they did not pay their debts, the pay their debts, the U.S. military would U.S. military would come and force come and force them to pay.them to pay.

CubaCuba In 1898, America took the colony of Cuba away from Spain. In 1898, America took the colony of Cuba away from Spain.

Cubans had fought against the Spanish because they were Cubans had fought against the Spanish because they were promised independence. promised independence.

CubaCuba

After the war was finished, America gave After the war was finished, America gave Cuba independence, but its government Cuba independence, but its government was forced to sign the Platt Amendment. was forced to sign the Platt Amendment. This Amendment gave the U.S. the right to This Amendment gave the U.S. the right to intervene in Cuban politics. American intervene in Cuban politics. American troops often occupied Cuba and told them troops often occupied Cuba and told them what to do. America however, helped what to do. America however, helped Cuba to solve many problems such as Cuba to solve many problems such as their problems with malaria. Malaria was their problems with malaria. Malaria was a disease that killed many people.a disease that killed many people.

Columbia and the Panama CanalColumbia and the Panama Canal

Why did the U.S. interfere in Columbia?Why did the U.S. interfere in Columbia?• By 1900, America had become one of the most By 1900, America had become one of the most

powerful nations on Earth. The key to powerful nations on Earth. The key to American power was their navy. American power was their navy.

Columbia and the Panama CanalColumbia and the Panama Canal

But, the American But, the American navy had a problem. navy had a problem. They had to fight in They had to fight in two different oceans: two different oceans: the Atlantic and the the Atlantic and the Pacific. Traveling from Pacific. Traveling from one ocean to another one ocean to another was difficult and was difficult and dangerous. The ships dangerous. The ships had to travel around had to travel around the bottom of South the bottom of South America. It took a America. It took a long time and there long time and there were many storms.were many storms.

Columbia and the Panama CanalColumbia and the Panama Canal

America wanted to build a canal as a shortcut America wanted to build a canal as a shortcut between the two oceans. The best place was in between the two oceans. The best place was in the Isthmus of Panama. Panama was controlled by the Isthmus of Panama. Panama was controlled by Columbia at the time. Columbia said yes to the Columbia at the time. Columbia said yes to the canal, but asked for a lot of money in exchange. canal, but asked for a lot of money in exchange.

Columbia and the Panama CanalColumbia and the Panama Canal

America didn’t want to pay so much money, so instead America didn’t want to pay so much money, so instead they made a deal with a revolutionary group in Panama. they made a deal with a revolutionary group in Panama. The revolutionary group wanted to make Panama The revolutionary group wanted to make Panama independent from Columbia. The U.S. sent their army and independent from Columbia. The U.S. sent their army and navy to help them. When the revolution was finished the navy to help them. When the revolution was finished the revolutionary group let the U.S. take the Canal Zone for revolutionary group let the U.S. take the Canal Zone for cheap.cheap.

The Panama CanalThe Panama Canal

In 1914, when the canal was finished, In 1914, when the canal was finished, America could move its ships from ocean to America could move its ships from ocean to ocean very easily. This made America ocean very easily. This made America much stronger.much stronger.

Memory checkMemory check

What was the Big Stick Policy?What was the Big Stick Policy? How did the U.S. treat Cuba after the How did the U.S. treat Cuba after the

Spanish-American War?Spanish-American War? Why did the U.S. want to build a Why did the U.S. want to build a

canal in Panama?canal in Panama? How did the U.S. get permission to How did the U.S. get permission to

do so?do so?

Dollar DiplomacyDollar Diplomacy After Roosevelt came After Roosevelt came

President Taft. Taft liked big President Taft. Taft liked big business. He changed the business. He changed the Monroe Doctrine into “Dollar Monroe Doctrine into “Dollar Diplomacy”. Taft’s goal was to Diplomacy”. Taft’s goal was to help American businesses be help American businesses be more successful in Latin more successful in Latin America. He often sent troops America. He often sent troops to support unpopular Latin to support unpopular Latin American governments that American governments that helped U.S. businesses. helped U.S. businesses. Sometimes he replaced Sometimes he replaced governments that didn’t help.governments that didn’t help.

NicaraguaNicaragua In Nicaragua, American In Nicaragua, American

businessmen acted like businessmen acted like kings. The workers were kings. The workers were very poor and had no rights. very poor and had no rights. A man named Sandino A man named Sandino started a communist started a communist revolution. He wanted to revolution. He wanted to take the businesses away take the businesses away from the Americans and give from the Americans and give them to the Nicaraguan them to the Nicaraguan workers. American troops workers. American troops came to Nicaragua to fight came to Nicaragua to fight against Sandino. They against Sandino. They stayed for twenty years and stayed for twenty years and protected businessmen who protected businessmen who were terrible and brutal.were terrible and brutal.

MexicoMexico In 1910 a revolution In 1910 a revolution

started in Mexico. started in Mexico. Different groups fought for Different groups fought for control of Mexico. One of control of Mexico. One of the groups was led by a the groups was led by a man named Pancho Villa. man named Pancho Villa. Villa was angry because Villa was angry because the United States was the United States was helping his enemies. helping his enemies. American businessmen American businessmen wanted to protect their wanted to protect their property in Mexico. In property in Mexico. In 1916, Villa and his men 1916, Villa and his men entered the U.S. and killed entered the U.S. and killed some Americans. The U.S. some Americans. The U.S. army chased Villa across army chased Villa across Mexico. Mexicans were Mexico. Mexicans were angry because the United angry because the United States had invaded States had invaded Mexico.Mexico.

Memory checkMemory check

What was Dollar Diplomacy?What was Dollar Diplomacy? Why did the U.S. send troops to Why did the U.S. send troops to

Nicaragua?Nicaragua? Why did the United States invade Why did the United States invade

Mexico?Mexico?

The Good Neighbor PolicyThe Good Neighbor Policy In the 1930s, Presidents In the 1930s, Presidents

Hoover and Roosevelt Hoover and Roosevelt changed the Monroe changed the Monroe Doctrine. They started Doctrine. They started the Good Neighbor Policy. the Good Neighbor Policy. They promised not to They promised not to send troops to Latin send troops to Latin American countries or American countries or interfere with their interfere with their problems.problems.

America continued to America continued to interfere with Latin interfere with Latin American politics though.American politics though.

Memory checkMemory check

How were the Big Stick Policy, Dollar How were the Big Stick Policy, Dollar Diplomacy, and the Good Neighbor Diplomacy, and the Good Neighbor Policy different?Policy different?

Why did the U.S. interfere in Latin Why did the U.S. interfere in Latin American politics?American politics?