Chapter 24 Section Chapter 24 Section 3 The Ford and 3 The Ford and

Carter YearsCarter Years1974-19801974-1980

Essential QuestionsEssential Questions:: How did Ford confront economic How did Ford confront economic

problems and handle foreign problems and handle foreign policy of the 1970’s?policy of the 1970’s?

What was significant about What was significant about Carter’s election in 1976?Carter’s election in 1976?

What was Carter’s approach to What was Carter’s approach to solving economic problems?solving economic problems?

What was Carter’s foreign policy?What was Carter’s foreign policy? What were Carter’s achievements What were Carter’s achievements

and failures in foreign policy and failures in foreign policy matters?matters?

Rough Road for FordRough Road for Ford Ford gave Nixon a full pardon for Ford gave Nixon a full pardon for

WatergateWatergate Inflation rose form 6% in ’73 to Inflation rose form 6% in ’73 to

10% in ’7410% in ’74 Ford started the “WIN” campaign, Ford started the “WIN” campaign,

((Whip Inflation NowWhip Inflation Now) It failed.) It failed. Ford urged Americans to cut back Ford urged Americans to cut back

on use of oil and gason use of oil and gas He cut government spending, He cut government spending,

interests rates went up triggering interests rates went up triggering the worst recession in 40 years the worst recession in 40 years

Ford’s Foreign PolicyFord’s Foreign Policy Ford followed Nixon by keeping Ford followed Nixon by keeping

Kissinger on as Sec. of State Kissinger on as Sec. of State Kept negotiations with China and the Kept negotiations with China and the

USSRUSSR Signed the Signed the Helsinki AccordsHelsinki Accords which which

promised greater cooperation promised greater cooperation between Eastern and Western Europebetween Eastern and Western Europe

Ford wanted to still give money to Ford wanted to still give money to aid South Vietnam, Congress refused, aid South Vietnam, Congress refused, the South fell in 1975the South fell in 1975

The US ship Mayaguez was seized by The US ship Mayaguez was seized by Cambodia, 41 US troops died while Cambodia, 41 US troops died while saving the 39 member crew.saving the 39 member crew.

Carter in the White Carter in the White HouseHouse Former peanut farmer and Gov. Former peanut farmer and Gov.

of Georgiaof Georgia Promised he would never lie to Promised he would never lie to

the American peoplethe American people In the Election of 1976 In the Election of 1976 Carter Carter

and Ford squared off over and Ford squared off over energy, inflation, and energy, inflation, and unemploymentunemployment

Carter won by a close margin Carter won by a close margin He talked to the American He talked to the American

people through FDR like “fire-people through FDR like “fire-side” chats by radio and TVside” chats by radio and TV

Carter’s Domestic Carter’s Domestic AgendaAgenda Carter urged Americans to cut back Carter urged Americans to cut back

their consumption of oil and gastheir consumption of oil and gas The National Energy ActThe National Energy Act – taxed gas – taxed gas

guzzling cars, removed price controls guzzling cars, removed price controls on oil and gas produced in the US, and on oil and gas produced in the US, and gave tax credits for development of gave tax credits for development of alternative energy.alternative energy.

In 1979 inflation hit 11.3%, 14% by ’80.In 1979 inflation hit 11.3%, 14% by ’80. Carter gave his now famous Carter gave his now famous “malaise “malaise

speechspeech” in which he complained of a ” in which he complained of a “crisis of spirit” in Americans. It “crisis of spirit” in Americans. It looked like he gave up. ( Reagan in looked like he gave up. ( Reagan in 1980)1980)

In the 1970’s the US In the 1970’s the US economy changedeconomy changed

Less manufacturing Less manufacturing jobs, more jobs in jobs, more jobs in communication, communication, transportation, and transportation, and retail. retail.

Overseas Overseas competition hurt the competition hurt the US. (EX . West US. (EX . West Germany, Japan, Germany, Japan, Korea.Korea.

Iron, Steel, clothing Iron, Steel, clothing were hit with cut-were hit with cut-backs, lay-offs and backs, lay-offs and plant closingsplant closings

 

                                                                                                 

                                             

        

    

Carter and Civil RightsCarter and Civil Rights Carter appointed more Carter appointed more

women and African women and African Americans to his Americans to his administration then ant other administration then ant other previous administrationprevious administration

Appointed Andrew Young as Appointed Andrew Young as US Ambassador to the UNUS Ambassador to the UN

Although in Although in Bakke vs. the Bakke vs. the University of CaliforniaUniversity of California an an affirmative action program affirmative action program was ruled unconstitutionalwas ruled unconstitutional

Human Rights Foreign Human Rights Foreign PolicyPolicy Carter felt the US should promote Carter felt the US should promote

human rights around the globe, such human rights around the globe, such as freedoms and liberties listed in the as freedoms and liberties listed in the Dec. of Independence and Bill of Dec. of Independence and Bill of Rights.Rights.

The US gave control of the Panama The US gave control of the Panama Canal back to Panama as of 12/31/99.Canal back to Panama as of 12/31/99.

The feeling of Détente with the USSR The feeling of Détente with the USSR ended due Carter’s protest on civil ended due Carter’s protest on civil rights issues.rights issues.

SALT II talks were delayed, not ratified SALT II talks were delayed, not ratified by the Senate, and the USSR invaded by the Senate, and the USSR invaded AfghanistanAfghanistan

Triumph in the Middle Triumph in the Middle EastEastThe Camp David AccordsThe Camp David Accords – –

Carter invited the leaders of Carter invited the leaders of Egypt and Israel to Camp Egypt and Israel to Camp David (Summer of ’78)David (Summer of ’78)

Israel agreed to with draw Israel agreed to with draw from the Sinai Peninsulafrom the Sinai Peninsula

Egypt recognized Israel’s Egypt recognized Israel’s right to existright to exist

Carter was the peacemakerCarter was the peacemaker

The Iran Hostage CrisisThe Iran Hostage Crisis Jan. 1979 Jan. 1979 Ayatollah KhomeiniAyatollah Khomeini led led

islamic militants in overthrowing the islamic militants in overthrowing the Shah or King of Iran. ( They wanted a Shah or King of Iran. ( They wanted a strict religious state)strict religious state)

Nov. 4Nov. 4thth 1979 armed students stormed 1979 armed students stormed the US Embassy and captured 52 the US Embassy and captured 52 hostages because we let the Shah hostages because we let the Shah into the US for medical treatmentinto the US for medical treatment

Diplomatic, economic, and military Diplomatic, economic, and military action failedaction failed

444 days later the hostages were 444 days later the hostages were released just two hours after Reagan released just two hours after Reagan was sworn into officewas sworn into office

Miracle at Lake Placid Miracle at Lake Placid ‘80‘80