Chapter 24 Section 1

The Rise of Dictators

Totalitarian

• Has total control over a nation

• Dominates every aspect of life

• Uses terror to suppress individual rights and silent all opposition

How did Stalin change the Soviet economy?

• In an attempt to modernize agriculture and industry, he created a system of collective farming and poured money into basic industries

• Turned the Soviet Union into a modern industrial power

How did Stalin change the lives of the Soviet people?

• Stalin confiscated the land of resisting farmers and sent peasants to distant labor camps

• Caused food shortages and the need for rationing

• Killed millions

Fascism

• Hitler and Mussolini were Fascist leaders

• Emphasizes the importance of the nation, or a particular ethnic group

• A dictator reigns supreme

Purge• The process of removing

enemies and undesirables from positions of power.

• Hitler purged the Nazi party in Germany and Stalin purged the Communists in the Soviet Union

• Millions killed and millions more arrested and sent to labor camps in both nations

Nazism

• A farm of fascism• Created by Adolph

Hitler• Based on nationalism

and racial superiority

Why did many Germans support Hitler and Nazism in the early 1930s?

• Hitler and the Nazis promised to stabilize Germany when the Depression hit

• Promised to restore the economy and the empire that had been lost after WWI

Axis Powers

• Germany, Italy, and Japan

• All believed they had been wronged by the peace process after WWI

• Used the excuse of fighting communism as their reason for joining forces

Examine the map on page 804. What advantage did Germany gain by stationing troops in the Rhineland

• With troops in the Rhineland, Hitler could threaten Belgium and France with invasion more easily

• This means that other nations may give into his demands more easily because they are afraid.

Appeasement

• Giving up what one believes in, or what one holds dear in order to pacify an aggressor

• Hitler was allowed to take re-militarize the Rhineland and take Austria and Czechoslovakia without a shot being fired.

Why did Britain and France pursue a policy of appeasement with Hitler?

• Neither nation was prepared for a war, they desired peace

Why did British Prime Minister Neville Chamberlain sign the Munich Agreement?

• He believed that giving into Hitler’s demands would prevent a war…he believed wrong

How did the Spanish Civil War highlight divisions in Europe?

• People had to choose between the pro fascist nationalists or the anti-fascist Republicans

• Germany and Mussolini sent in troops to help the Nationalists

• The Soviet Union aided the Republicans

• The U.S., Britain, and France did not intervene

• The Nationalist Fascists win, put Francisco Franco into power

How did leaders of totalitarian states feel about using force against people and nations they considered their enemies?

• Totalitarian leaders felt free to act against other nations, or against domestic opponents

How did democratic nations like Britain and France feel about using force against other nations?

• Democratic nations were reluctant to use force

• Totalitarian nations took advantage of this reluctance