Chapter 24Chapter 24

European Imperialism European Imperialism

Cause – Course - EffectsCause – Course - Effects

The NumbersThe Numbers Between 1820-1913, GDP ofBetween 1820-1913, GDP of

– UK increased more than 6 timesUK increased more than 6 times– Germany was 9 timesGermany was 9 times– USA was 41 times (Merica!!!!)USA was 41 times (Merica!!!!)– Per capita incr 2.9, 3.4, and 4.2 respectively Per capita incr 2.9, 3.4, and 4.2 respectively

Between same time period. . . Share of world GDPBetween same time period. . . Share of world GDP– Chin’s fell from 33 to 9 percentChin’s fell from 33 to 9 percent– India fell from 16 to 8India fell from 16 to 8– UK rose from 5 to 8 UK rose from 5 to 8 – US from 2 to 19 (Merica!)US from 2 to 19 (Merica!)

Unmatched! Unmatched! “While the machine-produced textiles of “While the machine-produced textiles of the Europeans and Atlantic powers undercut local the Europeans and Atlantic powers undercut local products in other regions, their modernized armies products in other regions, their modernized armies conquered much of the world.” conquered much of the world.” (D. Christian)(D. Christian)

The Global North and Global SouthThe Global North and Global South

The Great North-South The Great North-South Divide in PopulationDivide in Population

The Great The Great North-South North-South

Divide in Divide in WealthWealth

http://www.wimp.co

m/countriesyears/

European European Colonial Colonial

TerritoriesTerritoriesin 1763in 1763

European European Colonial Colonial

TerritoriesTerritoriesin 1830in 1830

ImperialismImperialism

1.1. EconomicEconomic – – 1.1. tariff barriers limited importstariff barriers limited imports2.2. new markets to purchase Euro new markets to purchase Euro

goodsgoods3.3. pressure valve for labor and pressure valve for labor and

investmentsinvestments2.2. MilitaryMilitary – bases and naval coaling – bases and naval coaling

stationsstations3.3. NationalismNationalism – colonies important – colonies important

for national prestige and gloryfor national prestige and glory4.4. Technological superiorityTechnological superiority – –

particularly the machine gun, particularly the machine gun, quinine, telegraph and steamshipsquinine, telegraph and steamships

5.5. Special interest groupsSpecial interest groups – shippers, – shippers, military men, settlers, missionaries military men, settlers, missionaries all favored Imperialismall favored Imperialism

CausesCauses

1. Economic – national strength depends on a more global eco.

2.2. MilitaryMilitary – constant tensions will – constant tensions will Euro peersEuro peers

3.3. NationalismNationalism – we need money and – we need money and weapons to show our strengthweapons to show our strength

4.4. Anglo-Saxon superiorityAnglo-Saxon superiority – Social – Social DarwinismDarwinism

5.5. Missionary dutyMissionary duty – Rudyard – Rudyard KiplingKipling’’s poem: s poem: ““The White ManThe White Man’’s s BurdenBurden””

JustificationsJustifications

Paternalism- Europeans provided for local people but gave them no rights

Methods of Management Methods of Management Types of SettlementTypes of Settlement

• Tropical dependencies Tropical dependencies – few foreigners ruling larger indigenous – few foreigners ruling larger indigenous populationpopulation• Allowed more Indirect ruleAllowed more Indirect rule

• Settler colonies Settler colonies – many settlers ruling large indigenous– many settlers ruling large indigenous• Demanded more Direct rule populationDemanded more Direct rule population

• White DominionsWhite Dominions– mostly white population– mostly white population• Canada, Australia, New ZealandCanada, Australia, New Zealand

Europeans develop four forms of control over territoriesEuropeans develop four forms of control over territories

1.1. ColonyColony- governed internally by a foreign power - governed internally by a foreign power

2.2. ProtectorateProtectorate- country or territory is governed with their own - country or territory is governed with their own government but is under the control of an outside powergovernment but is under the control of an outside power

3.3. Sphere of Influence- Sphere of Influence- an area in which an outside power claims an area in which an outside power claims exclusive investment or trading privileges exclusive investment or trading privileges

4.4. Economic Imperialism- Economic Imperialism- an independent but less developed an independent but less developed country controlled by a private business interests rather than country controlled by a private business interests rather than another government another government

British Investment Abroad on the EveBritish Investment Abroad on the Eveof World War I (1913)of World War I (1913)

NationalismNationalism

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gr_OpFxCx-Ahttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gr_OpFxCx-A

Desire of a certain people to Desire of a certain people to rule themselvesrule themselves– 1776: Americans vs British1776: Americans vs British– Scottish vs BritishScottish vs British– India vs BritishIndia vs British

Imperialism / Colonization Imperialism / Colonization ALWAYS leads to those without ALWAYS leads to those without power want to seek some sort power want to seek some sort of independence!of independence!

ImperialismImperialism

The SimilaritiesThe Similarities

Competition between SuperPowersCompetition between SuperPowers

IndiaIndia: French : French then the Britishthen the British

South AfricaSouth Africa: : Boers (Dutch) Boers (Dutch) then the Britishthen the British

HawaiiHawaii: : Everyone. . . Everyone. . . Spanish-Spanish-British-British-AmericansAmericans

Indigenous SupportIndigenous Support

HawaiiHawaii: Kamehameha : Kamehameha helped unite Hawaii with helped unite Hawaii with British supportBritish support

IndiaIndia: Sepoys, Hindu : Sepoys, Hindu Bankers, Ram Mohan Bankers, Ram Mohan RoyRoy

JavaJava: Served in Dutch : Served in Dutch ArmiesArmies

Resistance Resistance MovementsMovements

JavaJava: Sultan Mankubumi of : Sultan Mankubumi of Mataram failed as most of the Mataram failed as most of the land and soldiers had been land and soldiers had been taken by the stronger Dutchtaken by the stronger Dutch

IndiaIndia: Sepoy Mutiny of 1857: Sepoy Mutiny of 1857 South AfricaSouth Africa: Battle of : Battle of

Isandhlwana was a Zulu Isandhlwana was a Zulu victory however, in smaller victory however, in smaller battles they were battles they were overwhelmed by the British overwhelmed by the British gunsguns

New ZealandNew Zealand: Maori failed. . . : Maori failed. . . Limited arms Limited arms

ReformsReforms IndiaIndia: Lord Cornwallis limited Indian : Lord Cornwallis limited Indian

representation though checked representation though checked corruption, Evangelicals brought corruption, Evangelicals brought their faith, Utilitarians promoted their faith, Utilitarians promoted Western-style education, Sati ended, Western-style education, Sati ended, Ram Mohan RoyRam Mohan Roy promote women’s promote women’s rights and a more secular educationrights and a more secular education

South AfricaSouth Africa: Boer Republics vs : Boer Republics vs British Cape ColonyBritish Cape Colony

New ZealandNew Zealand: Maori participated in : Maori participated in rule of law helping to create a rule of law helping to create a multiracial societymultiracial society

HawaiiHawaii: Missionaries brought the : Missionaries brought the muumus to cover the breastsmuumus to cover the breasts

The Partition of Africa The Partition of Africa between c. 1870 and 1914between c. 1870 and 1914

Imperialism: The Scramble for AfricaImperialism: The Scramble for Africa

1870s!!!. . . The Scramble1870s!!!. . . The Scramble The Berlin ConferenceThe Berlin Conference

– 1884-85 1884-85 – Established colonial claims Established colonial claims

when when ““effective occupationeffective occupation”” was reachedwas reached

– Noble-minded?Noble-minded? End slavery, Civilize, End slavery, Civilize,

Christianize, Commerce, Christianize, Commerce, and tradeand trade

– Prevented one European power Prevented one European power from controlling the continentfrom controlling the continent

Based on Scramble for Based on Scramble for Africa. . . Africa. . .

What was ironic about the Act of Berlin? What was ironic about the Act of Berlin?

I will accept two different answers (based I will accept two different answers (based on the video)on the video)

Emma Emma LazarusLazarus

Colossus of Colossus of RhodesRhodes

Cecil RhodesCecil Rhodes

The Growth of the British Empire in The Growth of the British Empire in India, From the 1750s to 1858India, From the 1750s to 1858