Academic U.S. History IICh. 23 Review Sheet

Be familiar with the terms listed below for the Chapter 23 test.

New Deal (goals, supporters, critics, etc.) – designed to alleviate problems of the Great Depression became known as the New Deal. Roosevelt promised a new deal for American people.Franklin Delano Roosevelt (background, policies, successes, failures, etc.) – democrat, known as FDR. He was a two term governor of New York and is cousins with Theodore Roosevelt. He was an effective leader who was working to combat the problems of unemployment and poverty.Eleanor Roosevelt – Roosevelt’s wife. A social reformer who combined her deep humanitarian impulses with great political skills. She traveled the country telling Roosevelt about the nation’s suffering.Frances Perkins – America’s first female cabinet member in secretary of labor and she played a major role in creating the Social Security system and supervised labor legislation.Mary McLeod Bethune – an educator who dedicated herself to promoting opportunities for young African Americans. She made sure that the National Youth Administration hired African American administrators and provided job training and other benefits to minority students.John Collier – helped create the Indian Reorganization Act which was an extreme change in government policy and helped restore some reservation lands to tribal ownership and mandated changes in things like economic, cultural, and political.Congress of Industrial Organization (CIO) – a labor organization composed of industrial unionsThe Hundred Days (actions, laws, etc.) – Roosevelt launched a period of intense activity known as the Hundred Days. During this period, Congress passed more than 15 major pieces of the New Deal legislation. The laws that were passed during this period expanded governments role in the economy.“Brain Trust” – a select group of professors, lawyers, and journalists that Roosevelt chose to help him with the New Deal.Civil Works Administration – provided work in federal jobs.Social Security Act – had three major parts: old age insurance for retirees 65 or older and their spouses, unemployment compensation system, aid to families with dependent children and the disabled.Fair Labor Standards Act – established a minimum hourly wage and maximum number of hours in the work week for the entire country. Set rules for the employment of workers under 16 and banned hazardous factory work for those under 18.National Labor Relations Act – settled disputes between employers and employees.Works Progress Administration – headed by Harry Hopkins, set out to create as many jobs as possible as quickly as possible.Wagner Act – the act reestablished the NIRA provision of collective bargaining and it protected the right of workers to join unions and engage in collective bargaining with employers.Emergency Banking Relief Act – authorized the Treasury Department to inspect the country’s banks.

National Industrial Recovery Act – provided money to states to create jobs chiefly in the construction of schools and community buildings.Grant Wood – painted American GothicJohn Steinbeck – wrote The Grapes of Wrath which is about people who left the Dust Bowl to get rid of their hardships and went to California where their hardships continued.Richard Wright – an African American author who wrote the Native Son about a young man who trying to survive in a racist worldDorothea Lange – a photographer who documented American life during the Great Depression and the era of the New Deal.. her photographs drew the attention to the desperate conditions in rural America.Agricultural Adjustment Act – made to raise crop prices by lowering production, which the government achieved by paying farmers to leave a certain amount of every acre of land unseeded. (this act really paid farmers not to farm).Federal Emergency Relief Administration – helped states to provide aid for the unemployed.Federal Securities Act – required corporations to provide complete information on all stock offerings and made them liable for an misrepresentations.National Youth Administration – created specifically to provide education, jobs, counseling, and recreation for young people. This provided student aid to high school, college, and graduate students.Works Progress Administration – quickly created as many jobs as possible like construction jobs to positions in symphony orchestras.Civilian Conservation Corps- put young men from ages 18-25 to work building roads, developing parks, planting trees, and helping in soil-erosion and flood control projects. This paid a small wage and gave them free food.Huey Long – senator of Louisiana. He was an early supporter of the New Deal but then turned against Roosevelt. Created a program called Share Our Wealth.“Share-Our-Wealth” – a program made up by Huey Long. This proposed a nationwide social program.Francis Townsend – a physician and health officer in California. He believed that Roosevelt wasn’t doing enough to help the poor and elderly so he devised a pension plan that would provide monthly benefits to the aged.John L. Lewis – labor leader who formed the Committee for Industrial Organization to organize industrial unions.Charles Coughlin – a Roman Catholic priest who broadcasted radio sermons that combined economic, political, and religious ideas. He favored an annual income and the nationalization of banks.Woody Guthrie – singer and songwriter who used music to capture the hardships of America and was in search of brighter opportunities.Diego Rivera – a Mexican muralist, typically portrayed the dignity or ordinary Americans at work.