Adjusting to PeacetimeAdjusting to Peacetime

Chapter 22 Section 1Chapter 22 Section 1

Return To NormalcyReturn To Normalcy

A lot changes during war-time; for A lot changes during war-time; for instance many industries will take instance many industries will take pressure off the government by pressure off the government by guaranteeing not to strike.guaranteeing not to strike.

However, when the war ends, the However, when the war ends, the country will again start to focus on country will again start to focus on domestic needs.domestic needs.

President in the 1920’sPresident in the 1920’s After the war, people had become sick of After the war, people had become sick of

affairs in Europe, and war in general.affairs in Europe, and war in general. Warren G. HardingWarren G. Harding is is elected president elected president

in 1920. Focused on building up in 1920. Focused on building up American business, and reworking the American business, and reworking the federal budget to use less money in federal budget to use less money in governmentgovernment..

Harding: OriginalHarding: OriginalGangstaGangsta

Many Don’t Like Harding…Why?•Strict Wife•Social Drinker (It’s Prohibiton!)•Not really that Educated•Huge Affair•Scandals and Shady Friends (More in a minute…)•His Death…

The Most Infamous The Most Infamous ScandalScandal The Teapot Dome ScandalThe Teapot Dome Scandal

revolved around Secretary of the revolved around Secretary of the Interior Albert Fall giving land to an oil Interior Albert Fall giving land to an oil company in Wyoming in exchange for company in Wyoming in exchange for a kickback, or a bribe.a kickback, or a bribe.

What does this remind us of?What does this remind us of? Have/Do we still hear of stuff like this? Have/Do we still hear of stuff like this?

Where?Where?

The Next In LineThe Next In Line

Calvin CoolidgeCalvin Coolidge will become will become president after Warren G. Harding president after Warren G. Harding dies in 1923. He’s very quiet and reserved, dies in 1923. He’s very quiet and reserved, benefits from a booming economy during his benefits from a booming economy during his term.term.

Coolidge’s nickname is Silent CalCoolidge’s nickname is Silent Cal A True ConservativeA True Conservative

– No Wars/Foreign InvolvementNo Wars/Foreign Involvement– No Regulation on BusinessNo Regulation on Business– Balance the Budget/Reduce Debt/Cut TaxesBalance the Budget/Reduce Debt/Cut Taxes

1920’s Foreign Policies1920’s Foreign Policies

We will have a return to isolationism during We will have a return to isolationism during the 1920’s…we still trade, but no more the 1920’s…we still trade, but no more military involvement, we will encourage military involvement, we will encourage disarmament and world peace.disarmament and world peace.

Disarmament Disarmament means means reduction and reduction and limitation of military armaments.limitation of military armaments.

We would back this up by promising to We would back this up by promising to reduce the size of our navy.reduce the size of our navy.

Sorry Kids, This is a lame one…no Sorry Kids, This is a lame one…no picspics

More Foreign PolicyMore Foreign Policy

We would join France in signing the We would join France in signing the Kellogg-Briand PactKellogg-Briand Pact which which said that said that military aggression was bad, outlaws war, military aggression was bad, outlaws war, but offers no penalties!but offers no penalties!

We will also acknowledge the world’s first We will also acknowledge the world’s first Communist state in Russia. Communist state in Russia. Communism Communism a political and economic system in which the a political and economic system in which the state owns the means of production and a state owns the means of production and a single party rules the country.single party rules the country.

Countries Of The Kellogg-Briand Pact

1920’s Domestic Issues1920’s Domestic Issues The General Intelligence Division The General Intelligence Division

established as a part of the Justice established as a part of the Justice Department Department

J. Edgar HooverJ. Edgar Hoover will be appointed to be will be appointed to be the head of the General Intelligence the head of the General Intelligence Division, which will later become the FBI.Division, which will later become the FBI.

They will go on a spree in the 1920’s that They will go on a spree in the 1920’s that will see a banishment from immigration, will see a banishment from immigration, and the deportation of hundreds.and the deportation of hundreds.

Hoover as a young manHoover as a young man

•The The RedRed Scare Scare ~ 2 min~ 2 min

American politicians becameAmerican politicians becameafraid of anyone whose political beliefs afraid of anyone whose political beliefs were different than American democracywere different than American democracy– People suspected of being a “Red” were jailed, People suspected of being a “Red” were jailed,

deported, and forced out of their jobs!deported, and forced out of their jobs! One group we are afraid of is One group we are afraid of is AnarchistsAnarchists

or or people who oppose all organized people who oppose all organized governments.governments.– Also targeted were Socialists, Communists, Also targeted were Socialists, Communists,

and other “radical” governmentsand other “radical” governments

Anarchists on TrialAnarchists on Trial The The Sacco and Vanzetti TrialSacco and Vanzetti Trial will will

polarize this nation. polarize this nation. Two Italian anarchist Two Italian anarchist immigrants, Nicola Sacco and Bartolomeo immigrants, Nicola Sacco and Bartolomeo Vanzetti, will be tried for murder. They will Vanzetti, will be tried for murder. They will go on trial and be found guilty. But there go on trial and be found guilty. But there is little evidence against them except for is little evidence against them except for being Italian and Anarchistsbeing Italian and Anarchists..

They are executed as a result of the trialThey are executed as a result of the trial Considered to be one of the worst Considered to be one of the worst

misuses of the justice system in American misuses of the justice system in American history.history.

Sacco and Sacco and VanzettiVanzetti

If It had not been for these thing, I might have live out my life talking at street corners to scorning men. I might have die. Unmarked. Unknown. A Failure. Now, we are not a failure. This is our career and our triumph. Never in our full life could we hope to do such work for tolerance. For Justice. For Man’s understanding of man as now we do by accident. Our Words – Our Lives – Our Pains. Nothing! The taking of our lives – lives of a good shoemaker and poor fish peddler – All! That last moment belongs to us – That agony is our triumph.

Public OutcryPublic Outcry

Our Solution to RadicalsOur Solution to Radicals In hopes of In hopes of

keeping radical keeping radical foreign ideas out, foreign ideas out, and preserving and preserving American jobs, American jobs, turns to turns to Immigration Immigration RestrictionRestriction– United States United States

limits immigration limits immigration in 1921 – New in 1921 – New Immigrants can Immigrants can only make up 3% only make up 3% of U.S. population.of U.S. population.

Senator Senator Johnson’s Johnson’s StatementsStatements

“The United States of America, a nation great in all things, is ours today. To whom will it belong tomorrow? . . . The United States is our land. If it was not the land of our fathers, at least it may be, and it should be, the land of our children. We intend to maintain it so. The day of unalloyed welcome to all people, the day of indiscriminate acceptance of all races, has definitely ended.”- Senator Johnson, Author of the Johnson-Reed

Immigration Act

Immigration Restrict ion Immigration Restrict ion Cont’d.Cont’d.

Measures increased in 1924 – down to 2% Measures increased in 1924 – down to 2% of census numberof census number– And NO Asian ImmigrationAnd NO Asian Immigration

Done again in 1929 as the Depression hits.Done again in 1929 as the Depression hits. This doesn’t stop people from other areas of This doesn’t stop people from other areas of

the Americas.the Americas.– Who does this then let in?Who does this then let in?