chapter 22 – nuclear chemistry. nuclear symbols element symbol mass number (p + + n o ) atomic...

18

Chapter 22 – Nuclear Chapter 22 – Nuclear Chemistry Chemistry

Upload: brian-hernandez

Post on 27-Mar-2015

234 views

Category:

Documents

0 download

Report

Download

Tags:

Embed Size (px):

TRANSCRIPT

Page 1: Chapter 22 – Nuclear Chemistry. Nuclear Symbols Element symbol Mass number (p + + n o ) Atomic number (number of p + )

Chapter 22 – Nuclear Chapter 22 – Nuclear ChemistryChemistry

Page 2: Chapter 22 – Nuclear Chemistry. Nuclear Symbols Element symbol Mass number (p + + n o ) Atomic number (number of p + )

Nuclear SymbolsNuclear Symbols

23592U

Element symbol

Mass number (p+ + no)

Atomic number(number of p+)

Page 3: Chapter 22 – Nuclear Chemistry. Nuclear Symbols Element symbol Mass number (p + + n o ) Atomic number (number of p + )

Types of Radioactive DecayTypes of Radioactive Decay

alpha production (alpha production (): helium ): helium nucleusnucleus

beta production (beta production (): ):

92238

24

90234U He Th

90234

91234

10Th Pa e

24

He

10 e

2+

Page 4: Chapter 22 – Nuclear Chemistry. Nuclear Symbols Element symbol Mass number (p + + n o ) Atomic number (number of p + )

Alpha Alpha RadiationRadiation

Limited to VERY large nucleii.

Page 5: Chapter 22 – Nuclear Chemistry. Nuclear Symbols Element symbol Mass number (p + + n o ) Atomic number (number of p + )

Beta Beta RadiatioRadiatio

nn

Converts a neutron into a proton.

Page 6: Chapter 22 – Nuclear Chemistry. Nuclear Symbols Element symbol Mass number (p + + n o ) Atomic number (number of p + )

Types of Radioactive DecayTypes of Radioactive Decay

gamma ray production (gamma ray production ():):

positron production :positron production :

electron capture: (inner-orbital electron capture: (inner-orbital electron is captured by the nucleus)electron is captured by the nucleus)

92238

24

90234

002U He Th

1122

10

1022Na e Ne

80201

10

79201

00Hg e Au

10 e

Page 7: Chapter 22 – Nuclear Chemistry. Nuclear Symbols Element symbol Mass number (p + + n o ) Atomic number (number of p + )

Types of RadiationTypes of Radiation

Page 8: Chapter 22 – Nuclear Chemistry. Nuclear Symbols Element symbol Mass number (p + + n o ) Atomic number (number of p + )

Deflection of Decay ParticlesDeflection of Decay Particles

Opposite charges_________ each other.

Like charges_________ each other.

attract

repel

Page 9: Chapter 22 – Nuclear Chemistry. Nuclear Symbols Element symbol Mass number (p + + n o ) Atomic number (number of p + )

NuclearNuclearStabilityStability

Decay will occur in such a way as to return a nucleus to the band (line) of stability.

Page 10: Chapter 22 – Nuclear Chemistry. Nuclear Symbols Element symbol Mass number (p + + n o ) Atomic number (number of p + )

Half-life ConceptHalf-life Concept

Page 11: Chapter 22 – Nuclear Chemistry. Nuclear Symbols Element symbol Mass number (p + + n o ) Atomic number (number of p + )

Sample Half-LivesSample Half-Lives

Page 12: Chapter 22 – Nuclear Chemistry. Nuclear Symbols Element symbol Mass number (p + + n o ) Atomic number (number of p + )

A A Decay Decay SeriesSeries

A radioactive nucleus reaches a stable A radioactive nucleus reaches a stable state by a series of stepsstate by a series of steps

Page 13: Chapter 22 – Nuclear Chemistry. Nuclear Symbols Element symbol Mass number (p + + n o ) Atomic number (number of p + )

Nuclear Fission and FusionNuclear Fission and Fusion

•FusionFusion:: Combining two light nuclei Combining two light nuclei to form a heavier, more stable to form a heavier, more stable nucleus.nucleus.

•FissionFission: : Splitting a heavy nucleus Splitting a heavy nucleus into two nuclei with smaller mass into two nuclei with smaller mass numbers.numbers.0

192

23556

1423691

013n U Ba Kr n

23

11

24

10He H He e

Page 14: Chapter 22 – Nuclear Chemistry. Nuclear Symbols Element symbol Mass number (p + + n o ) Atomic number (number of p + )

Energy and MassEnergy and MassNuclear changes occur with small but Nuclear changes occur with small but measurable losses of mass. The lost mass measurable losses of mass. The lost mass is called the mass defect, and is converted is called the mass defect, and is converted to energy according to Einstein’s equation:to energy according to Einstein’s equation:

E = E = mcmc22

mm = mass defect = mass defect

EE = change in energy = change in energy

cc = speed of light = speed of light

Because c2 is so large, even small amounts of mass are converted to enormous amount of energy.

Page 15: Chapter 22 – Nuclear Chemistry. Nuclear Symbols Element symbol Mass number (p + + n o ) Atomic number (number of p + )

FissionFission

Page 16: Chapter 22 – Nuclear Chemistry. Nuclear Symbols Element symbol Mass number (p + + n o ) Atomic number (number of p + )

Fission ProcessesFission Processes

Event

NeutronsCausingFission Result

subcritical < 1 reaction stopscritical = 1 sustained reactionsupercritical > 1 violent explosion

A self-sustaining fission process is A self-sustaining fission process is called a chain reaction.called a chain reaction.

Page 17: Chapter 22 – Nuclear Chemistry. Nuclear Symbols Element symbol Mass number (p + + n o ) Atomic number (number of p + )

A Fission ReactorA Fission Reactor

Page 18: Chapter 22 – Nuclear Chemistry. Nuclear Symbols Element symbol Mass number (p + + n o ) Atomic number (number of p + )

FusionFusion

Nuclear Chemistry Radioactive Decay. Nuclear Symbols Element symbol Mass number (p + + n o ) Atomic number (number of p + )

Solar Energy - P.5 Biogas – P.10 Nuclear Power – P.15

1 Chemistry 100 Chapter 21 Nuclear Chemistry. 2 Nuclear Equations Nucleons: particles in the nucleus: – p + : proton – n 0 : neutron. Mass number: the

Nuclear Reactions. Balancing Nuclear Equations Conservation of: Conservation of: Atomic Number (subscript) Atomic Mass (superscript)

Tokyo’s Nuclear Option · Thinking About the Unthinkable: Tokyo’s Nuclear Option 5a. CONTRACT NUMBER 5b. GRANT NUMBER 5c. PROGRAM ELEMENT NUMBER 6. AUTHOR(S) 5d. PROJECT NUMBER

Nuclear P ower P ollutions

Item Number P-21 Item Number P-9 Item Number P-7 Item ... · CONSERVATION POSTERS Created by MCPS Students and Staff Available From SERT via Maximo Item Number P-42 Item Number P-41

U.S. NUCLEAR REGULATORY COMMISSION .. ()P'-EOt.r'-f >o s … · 2018. 5. 11. · NRC FORM 464 Part I U.S. NUCLEAR REGULATORY COMMISSION NRC RESPONSE NUMBER (04-2018) ()P'-"EOt.r'-f

Nuclear Symbols Element symbol Mass number (p + + n o ) Atomic number (number of p + )

Prentice Hall © 2003Chapter 21 Nuclear Equations Nucleons: particles in the nucleus: –p + : proton –n 0 : neutron. Mass number: the number of p + + n 0

Correspondence Continuing Education Courses for Nuclear … · 1985. 10. 17. · Nuclear Pharmacists and Nuclear Medicine Professionals VOLUME II, NUMBER 2 Radiopharmaceuticals for

Nuclear Chemistry Reactions and properties of nucleus M p n Mass number (number of nucleons) nuclide : nuclear species Isotopes : nuclides of same chemical

and increase of nuclear number Invasive growth of

photon.physnet.uni-hamburg.dephoton.physnet.uni-hamburg.de/.../Skript-AO-pages-10a-28a.pdf · Table 3.1 The proton number Z, the neutron number N, the nuclear spiñ*. I, the nuclear

Nuclear Decay. Nuclear Symbols Element symbol Mass number, A (p + + n o ) Atomic number, Z (number of p + )

The Nucleus: A Chemist’s View. Nuclear Symbols Element symbol Mass number, A (p + + n o ) Atomic number, Z (number of p + )

Country wise total number of nuclear warheads (approx.).pptx

Física Nuclear Teórica-Richard P. Feynman

Nuclear Chemistry. Nuclear Symbols Element symbol Mass number, A (p + + n o ) Atomic number, Z (number of p + )

Nuclear Decay Graphic: . Nuclear Symbols Element symbol Mass number, A (p + + n o ) Atomic number, Z (number of p + )

IPM Model – Nuclear P

Física Nuclear Teórica0Richard P. Feynman

Nuclear Binding Energy vs. Mass Number

The Atom & Subatomic Particles. Atomic Number atomic number: = size of nuclear charge = size of nuclear charge = number of protons in nucleus = number

I NUCLEAR NOTES NUMBER 8 - Defense Technical … · I NUCLEAR NOTES NUMBER 8 NUMBER EIGHT IN A SERIES OF INFORMATION PAPERS ON TOPICS C: ... could possess a marked advantage in traversing

Nuclear Physics. Nuclear Symbols Element symbol Mass number, A (p + + n o ) Atomic number, Z (number of p + )

H Nuclear Magnetic Resonance - Chemistrychemistry.syr.edu/totah/che575/support/3a1/4-1.HNMR.pdf · 1H Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Atomic Mass, Number and Spin Quantum Number nucleus

Introduction to Nuclear Physics and Nuclear Decay · 2008. 5. 28. · 22 May 2008 4 Elements Named for their number of protons Z (atomic number) = number of protons in nucleus N =

Nuclear Reactions. Nuclear Symbols Element symbol Mass number (p + + n o ) Atomic number (number of p + )

1 NUCLEAR CHEMISTRY. 2 Isotopes Same element (Z) but different mass number (A).Same element (Z) but different mass number (A). Boron-10 has 5 p and 5

Nuclear Magnetic ResonanceChapter 13 3 Nuclear Spin • A nucleus with an odd atomic number or an odd mass number has a nuclear spin. •1H has a spin quantum number I = 1/2 and has

Nuclear Weapons & Nuclear Warfarensl/Lectures/nuclear_warfare/2012/... · 2012. 1. 17. · 5,000: Approximate number of Russian strategic nuclear weapons 3,400: Approximate number

Nuclear Chemistry Chapter 23. X A Z Mass Number Atomic Number Element Symbol Atomic number (Z) = number of protons in nucleus Mass number (A) = number

1 Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) Spectroscopy. Nuclear Spin A nucleus with an odd atomic number or an odd mass number has a nuclear spin. Nuclei of

Nuclear Physics What is going on in there?. Nuclear structure A – atomic mass number Z – atomic number (number of protons) N – number of neutrons (N =