chapter 22: darwin and evolution evolution refers to the processes that have transformed life on...
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Chapter 22: Darwin and Evolution
• Evolution refers to the processes that have transformed life on earth from its earliest forms to the enormous diversity that characterizes it today.
• Charles Darwin published On the Origin of Species by Means of Natural Selection on November 24, 1859. It was the first convincing case for evolution.
Chapter 22: Darwin and Evolution
• Darwin made two major points:
1. Species evolved from ancestral species and were not specially created.
2. Natural selection is a mechanism that could result in this evolutionary change.
Chapter 22: Darwin and Evolution
I. A Historical Context for Evolutionary Theory.
A. Western culture resisted evolutionary views of life.– The Scale of Nature and Natural Theology
– Cuvier, fossils, and catastrophism
Chapter 22: Darwin and Evolution
I. Historical Context for Evolutionary Theory.
B. Theories of geological gradualism helped clear the path for evolutionary biologists.– James Hutton:Gradualism– Charles Lyell: Uniformitarianism
Chapter 22: Darwin and Evolution
I. Historical Context for Evolutionary Theory.
C. Lamarck placed fossils in an evolutionary context. – Use and disuse
– Inheritance of acquired characteristics
Chapter 22: Darwin and Evolution
II. The Darwinian Revolution
A. Field research helped Darwin frame his view of life.– The Voyage of the Beagle– Darwin focuses on adaptation
Chapter 22: Darwin and Evolution
II. The Darwinian Revolution
B. The Origin of Species developed two main points: the occurrence of evolution and natural selection as its mechanism.– Descent with modification
– Natural selection and adaptation
Chapter 22: Darwin and Evolution
III. Evidence of Evolution
A. Evidence of evolution pervades biology.– Biogeography-The geographical distribution of species.
– Fossil Record-It is incomplete but shows general trends in evolution.
Distribution on moonjellyfish
Chapter 22: Darwin and Evolution
III. Evidence of Evolution
A. Evidence of evolution pervades biology.
– Comparative Anatomy
• Homologous structures
• Analogous structures
• Vestigial structures
Chapter 22: Darwin and Evolution
III. Evidence of Evolution• Comparative Embryology• Molecular Biology-DNA
Chapter 22: Darwin and Evolution
III. Evidence of Evolution
A. What is theoretical about the Darwinian view of life?