Chapter 21 The second Great War

Leaving the depression

Though Franklin Roosevelt is afraid of having to fight a war on two fronts the U.S. will surprise the world with its build-up.

Part of the success was that the government had started mobilizing the country before the country entered the war.

Cost Plus

It was believed that the government should provide some incentives for participating business.

Cost plus: The government agreed to pay a company whatever it cost to make a product. Plus guarantee a percentage of the costs as profit

The Pacific

The Philippines

Only after a few hours after the bombing of Pearl Harbor the Japanese attacked American airfields in the Philippines

The Leader of the American forces Douglass MacArthur retreated to Bataan Island

Eventually they would evacuate to Australia

The Bataan Death March

The remaining soldiers on the Bataan Peninsula were forced to surrender, a total of 78,000 soldiers

These troops are forced to march to a prison camp 65 miles away.

10,000 men died of sickness and exhaustion.

The Coral Sea and Mid Way

Coral Sea

The Japanese believed they could make two successful attacks due to their secrecy.

Unknown to them pearl Harbor code breakers found out about the attack.

The U.S. would send the Lexington and the York town.

Both ships were sake but this attack kept U.S. territories safe.

Midway

The Pearl Harbor code breakers learned of another attack on Midway Island.

The U.S. was able to set-up an ambush for the unsuspecting Japanese Navy.

Considered to be the turning point in the war of the Pacific, with the destruction of four Japanese battleships.

Invasion of North Africa

In response to Churchill’s Plan Roosevelt orders the invasion of Morocco and Algeria.

This would place the U.S. forces against the famous German general Rommel.

Eventually after a 12 day Battle Eisenhower plans a trap between his forces and Patton.

Rommel retreats and leaves control of Algeria and Casablanca to the allies.

Section 3 The home front

Women in the work place

It was believed married women should not work

Most working women were young and single. They normally worked in clerical positions, like secretaries.

The women hired 4 million to work during the war.

Most worked as secretaries but factory workers caught the attention of the nation.

African Americans and labor

Though the U.S. was hiring more female workers what the state of African Americans during WWII?

Most companies resisted hiring African Americans.A. Phillip Randolph spoke to the President about

this issue stating that he would lead a march on Washington

Roosevelt began to remove discrimination from the work place

The Great Migration

During World War I we saw that there was a migration of African Americans from the south to the North.

As jobs become more available again in the North during WWII, we see the migration increase again.

Reaction

As we see more African Americans enter the North we see an increase in racial violence.

The worst occurring in 1943 in Detroit. As people crowed around the river to cool off a confrontation arose which lead to deaths of 25 African Americans and 9 whites.

Double V Campaign

Many African Americans still fought in the war in segregated units.They were part of the double V Campaign: The idea that African Americans were not only fighting for a victory over Hitler, but victory over racism at home.The Tuskegee air men were a perfect example of this movement.

Japanese internment camps

After Pearl Harbor the President passed an executive order stating that the U.S. was part of the war front.Since the Japanese American citizens could not be trusted they were rounded up and sent to camps out west for the duration of the war.These people were sent with no trial or reparation for the camps after the fact.The camps were cramped and lacking in food.

Operation Overlord

Over lord

The allies decided to invade FranceThey decided to fool the Germans by setting up

dummy equipment.The actual attack would occur further south the

where the Germans expected.

D-Day

The term D-day refers to the actual day that the invasion of Normandy would begin.

The U.S. forces luckily had a strategy that worked and attacked where the German forces were weakest.

Nearly 2,500 Americans were killed.

Island Hopping

Why bother

The whole reason to take control of the small Islands was due to two reasons.

1. They were Japanese controlled, enemy influence had to be removed before moving on to the main islands.

2. The islands could be used as a resources for the invasion further on.(EG on some the islands airs strips would be built)

Amphtrac

Retaking the Philippines

The U.S. would send a substantial invasion force to retake the Philippines.

MacArthur and his forces march onto the Island with no resistance at all.

The Japanese sent a force to defend the Philippines. The Americans were unaware as their battleships were ambushed.

This attack would be known as the battle of Leyte Gulf.

Kamikaze piolets at Layette Gulf

This is the battle is where we would see the introduction to the Kamikaze attack.

Kamikaze means “Divine Wind”This was the act of crashing planes into U.S.

battleships.

The Fall of Germany

The Battle of the Bulge: refers to period when the allied forces began to move. In response the German forces rushed west bulging their forces.

The Soviets made it to Germany first, and the American forces were close behind.

When Hilter saw the end was near he trapped himself in a bunker committing suicide.

May 8 1945 was known as VE day or victory in Europe day.

Changing of the guard

As the war in Europe came to an end Roosevelt died of a heart attack.

This left Harry Truman as the President to take over the war effort.

Iwo Jima and Okinawa

Back in the Pacific it was felt the bombing of Tokyo was not going well

The decision was to invade the small island of Iwo Jima and turn it into an air strip.

The invasion was long drawn out and bloody endeavor.

The U.S. invaded Okinawa Island to make it into a supply depot. The Japanese had dug into the mountains and the fighting took months.

Fire bombing of Tokyo

To try and improve bombing rates the U.S. air force decided to start using Napalm during bombing runs.

Napalm is jellied gasoline, the bomb not only explodes put catches fire.

Highly controversial due to the fact that Japan had cities made completely of wood.

Manhattan Project and the bomb

Back in Arizona the United states is working on creating the first Atomic bomb.

This was code named the Manhattan Project.Headed by scientist Robert Oppenheimer.After successful testing of the bombs the U.S.

would drop the first Atomic bomb.The first was dropped on Hiroshima the second

on Nagasaki.

Quiz

What is the point of the Nuremberg trials? In your opinion are they successful? Why?

Why was the United nations formed?What happened at Iwo Jima and how could you make the

point that this event leads to the dropping of the Atomic Bomb.

Answer one of the following:Explain one group that was either helped or hindered by

the events of World War IIExplain the events of one of the major battles we discussed

Multiple choice

What early efforts did Roosevelt make to help the British?

A. Selling goods and equipmentB. Buying landC. Attacking German submarinesD. Providing Britain with air fields.

Multiple Choice

Why was the United States unprepared for Pearl Harbor?

A. Lack of technologyB. Neglected radarC. Neglected warningsD. B and C

Multiple Choice

What term refers to German annexation of Austria?

A. KristallnachetB. AnschlussC. Munich ConfrenceD. Nazi Soviet non Aggression Pact

Multiple choice

What type of government considers the Government more important than the individual?

A. DictatorshipB. MonarchyC. FascismD. Democracy

Multiple Choice

In the 1930s the United States responded to the rise of facism by

A. Invading Germany and ItalyB. Forming Military AlliancesC. Passing a series of Neutrality LawsD. Joining League of nations

Multiple Choice

Concentration Camps and extermination camps were part of what Nazis called

A. Justice for allB. The “Final Solution”C. Population controlD. The last straw

Multiple Choice

One complaint of African Americans at the beginning of World War II

A. IntegratedB. EmployedC. EmpoweredD. Disenfranchised

Multiple Choice

Winston Churchill wanted to attack the _____ or edges of the German Empire

A. Eastern FrontB. PeripheryC. left flankD. Western front

To aid in the war effort, American citizens accepted the ____ of some items

A. RationingB. DisappearanceC. AbundanceD. Commandeering

Japanese Suicide bombers were known as ____ pilots

A. ShintoB. SamuraiC. KamikazeD. amphtrac

The large aquatic tractor that helped saved U.S. lives in the Pacific was known as the

A. KamikazeB. AmphtracC. AmphibiousD. Tank

African Americans pushed for a _____ victorin the war effort.

A. TuskegeeB. Triple CC. Double VD. Carver

During the war effort, Americans ____ to collect materials that could be used for the war effort.

A. Planted victory GardensB. Held scrap drivesC. Conserved energyD. Sold war bonds

Where did the allies begin their invasion of Italy

A. SicilyB. CasablancaC. TehranD. Normandy

Planning for D-day was complicted by concerns for the

A. German armyB. AmphtracsC. WeatherD. Air forces

What was the code name for the plan to build the atomic bomb?

A. Manhattan ProjectB. Doolittle RaidC. Operation Overlord

D. V-j Day