Chapter 20The Jazz Age

Section 3

African American Culture

The Harlem Renaissance The Great Migration occurred when hundreds of

thousands of African Americans from the rural South headed to industrial cities in the North.

In large northern cities, particularly Harlem, A.A. created environments that stimulated artistic development, racial pride, sense of community, and political organization.

This became known as the Harlem Renaissance

The Writers Claude McKay – first

important writer of the H.R. Work expressed defiance

and contempt of racism.

The Writers Langston Hughes –

leading voice of the A.A. experience in the U.S.

The Writers Zora Neale Hurston – her

works influenced contemporary writers of today.

Jonah’s Gourd Vine Their Eyes Were Watching

God

Jazz, Blues, & Theater Louis Armstrong –

introduced jazz, a style of music influenced by Dixieland music and ragtime.

1st great cornet and trumpet soloist in jazz music.

Jazz, Blues, & Theater Duke Ellington – Created

his own sound, a blend of improvisation and orchestration using different combinations of instruments.

Jazz, Blues, & Theater Cotton Club is where

many musicians got their start.

Jazz, Blues, & Theater Bessie Smith – sang

about unrequited love, poverty, and oppression, which were classic themes in blues style music.

Evolved from A.A. spirituals.

Jazz, Blues, & Theater Paul Robeson – singer &

actor, often appeared at the Apollo in Harlem.

Fame eventually even spread to Europe.

Jazz, Blues, & Theater Josephine Baker – most

daring performer of the era Danced on Broadway, but

went to Paris in 1925, and became an international star.

African American Politics The Great Migration led to A.A. becoming

powerful voting blocks, which influenced election outcomes in the North.

African American Politics Oscar DePriest – elected as the 1st

A.A. representative in Congress from a Northern state after A.A. voted as a block.

NAACP The National Association for the

Advancement of Colored People battled against segregation and discrimination.

Led efforts to the passage of anti-lynching legislation.

The House passed the legislation, but the Senate defeated the bill.

Black Nationalism Jamaican black leader Marcus Garvey’s

idea of “Negro Nationalism” glorified black culture and traditions.

He founded the Universal Negro Improvement Association (UNIA), which promoted black pride and unity.

Marcus Garvey Encouraged education to

gain economic & political power; but he also voiced the need for separation and independence from whites.

Marcus Garvey His plan was to create a settlement in

Liberia in Africa for A.A. caused the middle class A.A. to distance themselves from Garvey.

His ideas led to a sense of pride and hope in A.A. that resurfaced during the civil rights movement in the 1960s.

End of Chapter 20Next: Test