Chapter 20 The Imperial Republic

The New Manifest Destiny

Reasons for Imperialism:

Close of the Frontier:

Worry about resources

Need alternative sources abroad

Panic of 1893:

Businessmen looking for new markets overseas

$

Exports:

1870 $395,000,000

1890 $857,000,000

1900 $1,400,000,000

Alfred Thayer Mahan

The Influence of Sea Power upon History

US needs:

*Productive Economy *Foreign Commerce *Strong Merchant Marine *Navy to Protect Trade Routes *Colonies for Raw Materials

Since US bound by two oceans:

*Must become a sea power

*CANAL!!!

Albert Jeremiah Beveridge

Steps to Imperialism

ALASKA

*1867

*William Seward

*$7.2 million

*called Seward’s Folly

•Midway 1867

•Samoa 1878

•Congress stops bid to get:

Virgin IslandsSanto Domingo

*US traders come in 1790

*missionaries follow 1820

*Planters come for sugar and fruits 1835

*1875 Trade agreement

*1887 US gets rights to Pearl Harbor

*Planters becoming economically powerful

Queen Liliuokalani

1893 Planters lead Revolt against Queen

•5% of population

•Get help from Marines

Sanford

*Treaty of Annexation sent to the Senate by Harrison -

blocked in Senate by Democrats

*Republic of Hawaii declared 1894

*McKinley gets treaty accepted in 1898 – worried about Great Britain

Colony of Spain since Columbus

*Cubans begin revolt in 1868

*new revolt starts in 1895

*Guerrilla war against economy

*US has $50 million invested

General Weyler

“The Butcher”

William Randolph

Hearst

Joseph Pulitzer

                                                                       

USS Maine

USS Maine

February 15,1898

April 25, 1898

Congress declares WAR!

Teller Amendment-US would not take permanent

control over Cuba

John Hay

Sec. Of State

“A splendid little war”

Spanish-American War

460 killed

5200 die of disease

Problems:

*Raise troops

*Supply troops

*Transport Troops

Admiral George Dewey

Assistant Secretary of the

Navy

Theodore Roosevelt

Battle of Manila Bay

May 1, 1898

Spanish casualties: 381

American casualties:

1 killed

8 wounded

1st US Volunteer Cavalry

Commander Leonard Wood

2nd in command:

Rough Riders lead charges up San Juan and Kettle Hills

Spanish fleet destroyed fleeing Santiago Harbor

Spanish surrender July 16

San Juan Hill

Treaty of Paris 1898

*Cuba independent *Guam & Puerto Rico to US *Philippines to US *US to pay $20 million

Robert Gascoyne Cecil

9th Earl & 3rd Marquess of Salisbury

The Anti-Imperialists

(Goo-Goos)

Andrew Carnegie

Mark Twain

Samuel Gompers

Grover Cleveland

Carl Schurz

Charles W. Eliot President of Harvard

Called Lodge & TR degenerated sons of Harvard

Thomas Reed

Speaker of the House

“Czar” Reed

William Jennings

Bryan

Reasons for Anti-Imperialism:

*Against American Ideals*Cost*Lack of Benefits*Large Army & Navy*Race

Imperialists

(Jingoes)

“We don’t want to fight, but by jingo, if we do,

We’ve got the men, we’ve got the ships, we’ve got the money too.”

Popular saying in England 1878

Senator Henry Cabot Lodge

Alfred Thayer Mahan

Brooks Adams

Henry Adams

Elihu Root

Theodore Roosevelt

Reasons for Imperialism

*Economic Benefits

*Defense*Altruism*Supremacy*Racism

Bryan tells Democratic Senators to vote for Treaty of Paris

WHY????

Needs new campaign issue for 1900

Election of 1900

*Bryan runs for Democrats

*Makes the Philippines the issue Bryan

Bryan 155 45.5%

McKinley 292 51.7%

Why did Bryan lose?

*Many like Imperialism

*Growing economic prosperity

*Republicans add a personality stronger than Bryan

Teddy is VP

Cuba

*Army stays until 1902

*Commanded by Leonard Wood

*Builds roads, hospitals, schools

Platt Amendment

*US pressures Cuba to add to their Constitution

-can’t make treaties with other countries

-US gets naval station

- US has right to intervene to preserve independence

- Cuba can’t have debt above ability to pay back

Why is America so concerned about Cuba?

Canal

Why do the Goo Goos lose?•Base too narrow•Not consistent•Look backwards, Jingos forward•Out of touch

Schurz 69 TR 40Hoar 72 Lodge 48Norton 71 Beveridge 36

Philippine War1898-1902

4300 US deaths

50,000 Filipinos

Emilio Aguinaldo

General Arthur

MacArthur

Mac Arthur feels more severe methods needed

Execute prisonersPut people in camps

The Butcher

William Howard Taft names Governor of Philippines

Will get Philippines ready for independence

July 4, 1946

William Howard Taft

Open Door Policy

Boxer Rebellion