chapter 20 the heart. position of the heart mediastinum pericardium epicardium myocardium...
TRANSCRIPT
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Chapter 20
The Heart
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Position of the Heart
Mediastinum
Pericardium
Epicardium
Myocardium
Endocardium
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Heart Surface
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Human heart
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Heart Posterior
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Heart Interior
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Human Heart Interior
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Surface of Valves
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Valves
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Circulation
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Circulation
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Coronary Arteries
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The Echo Image
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Echo Images
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Echo - Doppler
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Mitral Valve Prolapse
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Coronary Veins
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Human Heart
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Heart Tissue
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Conduction System
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Pacemakers
• Located in the right chest wall, a catheter is threaded through the subclavian vein, into the brachiocephalic vein, into the superior vena cava , then into the right atrium.
• The pacemaker overrides the impulse from the SA node.
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Action Potentials
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Action Potential – Ventricle
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P= wave from SA node through atria
QRS = ventricular depolarization
T wave = ventricular repolarization
P-Q interval = time from atria contraction to beginning of ventricular contraction.
Q-T interval = ventricular depolarization to repolarization.
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Note:Systole
& Diastole
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Heart Valve Locations
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Cardiac Output
CO = SV x HR
SV = ml/beatHR = Heart Rate
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Cardiac Output Affected By
• Frank-Starling Law / Marey’s Law
• Cardiac Reserve (Max CO – CO at rest)
• Contractility (hormones, drugs, sympathetic reactions, etc.
• Afterload (remaining blood in ventricles)
• Congestive heart failure
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Regulation of Heart RateAffected/Monitored by:
• Cardiovascular center (sympathetic and parasympathetic systems)
• Proprioceptors• Chemoreceptors• Baroreceptors• Blood pH• Hormones• Ions• Age, gender, temp, etc.
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Nervous System Control
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Risk Factors for CAD
• High blood cholesterol
• High blood pressure
• Smoking
• Obesity
• Diabetes mellitus
• Type “A” personality
• Sedentary lifestyle
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Cardiac Catherization
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Terms to Know
• Fossa Ovalis
• Coronary artery disease
• Arteriosclerosis
• Atherosclerosis
• PTCA
• Ischemia
• Myocardial infarction
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More Terms
• Hypoxia
• Angina pectoris
• Coarctation of the aorta
• Arrhythmia
• Heart Block
• Flutter and fibrillation
• Bradycardia and tachycardia
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More Terms
• Cardiac arrest• Cardiomegaly• Cor pulmonale• Palpitation• Asystole• Endocarditis / myocarditis• Mitral valve prolapse• Auscultation