chapter 20 section 2 constitutional monarchy in england

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Chapter 20 Chapter 20 Section 2 Section 2 Constitutional Constitutional Monarchy in Monarchy in England England

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Page 1: Chapter 20 Section 2 Constitutional Monarchy in England

Chapter 20Chapter 20Section 2Section 2Constitutional Constitutional

Monarchy in EnglandMonarchy in England

Page 2: Chapter 20 Section 2 Constitutional Monarchy in England

The Restoration and the The Restoration and the Glorious RevolutionGlorious Revolution

The reign of Charles II is called the The reign of Charles II is called the RestorationRestoration, , because of the restoration back to a monarchy and a because of the restoration back to a monarchy and a rebirth of English culturerebirth of English culture

{Charles continued Cromwell’s {Charles continued Cromwell’s overseas commercial overseas commercial policiespolicies,, which led to another war with the Dutchwhich led to another war with the Dutch} } England won New Amsterdam in North America and England won New Amsterdam in North America and renamed it New York renamed it New York

Charles II was cautious with Parliament, so much so Charles II was cautious with Parliament, so much so that he backed down on several policies he wanted that he backed down on several policies he wanted enforced if Parliament disagreed such as seeking enforced if Parliament disagreed such as seeking increased toleration to Catholicism and wanting to increased toleration to Catholicism and wanting to form an alliance between England and Franceform an alliance between England and France

Charles was cautious for good reason, his father was Charles was cautious for good reason, his father was executed and he was exiled because of Parliament executed and he was exiled because of Parliament

Page 3: Chapter 20 Section 2 Constitutional Monarchy in England

Scotland, Charles II silver 1/16 of a dollar. Now worth about $180.00

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Political Parties DevelopPolitical Parties Develop

Charles II and his wife Catherine had no children. His Charles II and his wife Catherine had no children. His younger Catholic brother James was to succeed him. younger Catholic brother James was to succeed him.

{Two political parties formed when Parliament divided {Two political parties formed when Parliament divided over over the succession of a Catholic kingthe succession of a Catholic king}}

ToriesTories believed that James had a hereditary right to believed that James had a hereditary right to the thronethe throne

{{WhigsWhigs supported a strong Parliament and opposed a supported a strong Parliament and opposed a Catholic}Catholic} ruler like James ruler like James

When Charles II died in 1685, his Catholic brother When Charles II died in 1685, his Catholic brother James II took the throneJames II took the throne

Page 5: Chapter 20 Section 2 Constitutional Monarchy in England

King James II actually King James II actually had 15 children total had 15 children total between his two wives. between his two wives. His first wife, Lady Anne His first wife, Lady Anne Hyde, gave him 4 Hyde, gave him 4 daughters and 4 sons, daughters and 4 sons, none of which lived more none of which lived more than the age of 3. His than the age of 3. His second wife, Mary of second wife, Mary of Modena, gave him 5 Modena, gave him 5 daughters and 2 sons, daughters and 2 sons, one of which died at one one of which died at one month old. James’ only month old. James’ only surviving son became surviving son became the James Prince of the James Prince of Wales and lived to a ripe Wales and lived to a ripe old age of 78.old age of 78.

Page 6: Chapter 20 Section 2 Constitutional Monarchy in England

The Glorious RevolutionThe Glorious Revolution James II like his father, Charles I, believed in an James II like his father, Charles I, believed in an

absolute monarchy, antagonizing both the Whigs and absolute monarchy, antagonizing both the Whigs and the Toriesthe Tories

James, concerned about his daughters Mary and James, concerned about his daughters Mary and Anne, who were both Protestant, inheriting the throne, Anne, who were both Protestant, inheriting the throne, remarried a Catholic woman and had a son who would remarried a Catholic woman and had a son who would inherit the throneinherit the throne

Both the Whigs and the Tories then asked James II to Both the Whigs and the Tories then asked James II to step down and invited his daughter Mary and her step down and invited his daughter Mary and her husband William of Orange to replace her father on husband William of Orange to replace her father on the throne.the throne.

When they landed in England, James fled to France.When they landed in England, James fled to France. From that point on, the couple was known as William From that point on, the couple was known as William

III and Mary IIIII and Mary II This transfer of power was known as the Glorious This transfer of power was known as the Glorious

RevolutionRevolution

Page 7: Chapter 20 Section 2 Constitutional Monarchy in England

The Inauguration of King Charles III and Queen

Mary II

Page 8: Chapter 20 Section 2 Constitutional Monarchy in England

Changes in English GovernmentChanges in English Government

The English Civil war and the events that followed led The English Civil war and the events that followed led to changes in the governmentto changes in the government

Philosopher, Philosopher, {{Thomas HobbesThomas Hobbes was an anarchist and was an anarchist and believed that people gave up their rights in exchange believed that people gave up their rights in exchange for order}for order}

Another philosopher, Another philosopher, {{John LockeJohn Locke, disagreed. He , disagreed. He believed believed people’s rights should be protected by a people’s rights should be protected by a governmentgovernment} } and that protecting those rights should and that protecting those rights should be the government’s reason for existingbe the government’s reason for existing

Thus a rulers claim to absolute power contradicted the Thus a rulers claim to absolute power contradicted the natural order because people could not willingly natural order because people could not willingly surrender their fundamental natural rightssurrender their fundamental natural rights

Page 9: Chapter 20 Section 2 Constitutional Monarchy in England

Thomas Hobbes John LockeJohn Locke

Page 10: Chapter 20 Section 2 Constitutional Monarchy in England

Habeas Corpus Act andHabeas Corpus Act andDeclaration of RightsDeclaration of Rights

Following the ideas of Locke, Parliament began to set Following the ideas of Locke, Parliament began to set up laws to prevent absolute ruleup laws to prevent absolute rule

In 1679, they set up the In 1679, they set up the Habeas Corpus ActHabeas Corpus Act to to protect individuals against unfair arrest and protect individuals against unfair arrest and imprisonmentimprisonment

They also formalized the Declaration of Rights and They also formalized the Declaration of Rights and called it the called it the English Bill of RightsEnglish Bill of Rights which declared which declared that Parliaments would choose the king and the king that Parliaments would choose the king and the king would have to consult with them on all decisions.would have to consult with them on all decisions.

The Bill of Rights also gave citizens the right to The Bill of Rights also gave citizens the right to petition the government for relief of injustice. Also no petition the government for relief of injustice. Also no citizen could be forced to face cruel and unusual citizen could be forced to face cruel and unusual punishment punishment

Page 11: Chapter 20 Section 2 Constitutional Monarchy in England

Toleration Act and Toleration Act and Act of SettlementAct of Settlement

In 1689, Parliament passed the Toleration Act. In 1689, Parliament passed the Toleration Act. It granted some religious freedoms to Protestants who It granted some religious freedoms to Protestants who

were not members of the Anglican Church. However were not members of the Anglican Church. However the Act did not extend to Catholics and Jewsthe Act did not extend to Catholics and Jews

In 1701, Parliament passed the Act of Settlement to In 1701, Parliament passed the Act of Settlement to keep Catholics off the throne.keep Catholics off the throne.

The act stated that should William III die with no heir, The act stated that should William III die with no heir, Mary’s sister Anne would inherit the throneMary’s sister Anne would inherit the throne

Should Anne have no children, the throne would go to Should Anne have no children, the throne would go to another Protestant granddaughter of James I, Sophia another Protestant granddaughter of James I, Sophia of Hanover of Hanover

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Anne Sophia of Hanover

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Parliamentary RuleParliamentary Rule By 1700, England was still a monarchy but Parliament By 1700, England was still a monarchy but Parliament

held most of the powerheld most of the power During this time two important government institutions During this time two important government institutions

developed, the cabinet and the office of the prime developed, the cabinet and the office of the prime ministerminister

The cabinet was a group of parliamentary leaders to be The cabinet was a group of parliamentary leaders to be the king’s officers of statethe king’s officers of state

In 1707 English and Scottish Parliament passed the Act In 1707 English and Scottish Parliament passed the Act of Union, which united the two kingdoms into one of Union, which united the two kingdoms into one kingdom known as Great Britain. kingdom known as Great Britain.

The Scottish Parliament was dissolved and the Scots The Scottish Parliament was dissolved and the Scots joined the English houses of Lords and Commonsjoined the English houses of Lords and Commons

The union proved to be beneficial for the economy and The union proved to be beneficial for the economy and tradetrade

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Continued….Continued…. Queen Anne did succeed King William. She had 17 Queen Anne did succeed King William. She had 17

children but none survived herchildren but none survived her The granddaughter of James I, Sophia of Hanover, The granddaughter of James I, Sophia of Hanover,

also had died. So her son George became King also had died. So her son George became King George I of Great Britain until he died in 1727George I of Great Britain until he died in 1727

Both George I and his son George II were born in Both George I and his son George II were born in Germany and were not accustomed to English rule Germany and were not accustomed to English rule and lawsand laws

George II relied heavily on his cabinet ministers, George II relied heavily on his cabinet ministers, especially Sir Robert Walpoleespecially Sir Robert Walpole

Walpole strengthened the economy and helped to Walpole strengthened the economy and helped to stabilize the British political scenestabilize the British political scene

Walpole is considered to be the first Walpole is considered to be the first prime ministerprime minister, or , or first ministerfirst minister

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King George I King George II

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Constitutional MonarchyConstitutional Monarchy

From 1721 to 1742, led by Walpole, the Whigs From 1721 to 1742, led by Walpole, the Whigs controlled the House of Commonscontrolled the House of Commons

Under the rule of the Hanoverian monarchs Under the rule of the Hanoverian monarchs {{the the prime minister was the real head of governmentprime minister was the real head of government in in a a limited constitutional monarchy}limited constitutional monarchy}

{In a limited constitutional monarchy, the monarchy remained as Britain's head of state but has to consult has to consult with Parliamentwith Parliament}

This system has changed very little since then and other countries who want to get out of a full monarchy have used the limited constitutional monarchy as an example

Page 17: Chapter 20 Section 2 Constitutional Monarchy in England

Review QuestionsReview Questions What did Charles do that led to another war with the What did Charles do that led to another war with the

Dutch?Dutch? What did the two political parties in Parliament What did the two political parties in Parliament

divided over?divided over? What did the Whigs support? What did the Whigs support? What did Thomas Hobbes believe that people gave What did Thomas Hobbes believe that people gave

up their rights in exchange for?up their rights in exchange for? John Locke, disagreed. He believed people’s rights John Locke, disagreed. He believed people’s rights

should be protected by who?should be protected by who? Under the rule of the Hanoverian monarchs Under the rule of the Hanoverian monarchs the who the who

was the real head of government in a limited was the real head of government in a limited constitutional monarchyconstitutional monarchy

Page 18: Chapter 20 Section 2 Constitutional Monarchy in England