Chapter 20 Notes, part IChapter 20 Notes, part IAcids and BasesAcids and Bases

What are some common What are some common acids?acids?•Vinegar (acetic acid)•Carbonated drinks (carbonic

and phosphoric acid)•Citrus fruits (citric acid)•Car battery (sulfuric acid)

What are some common What are some common bases?bases?•Milk of magnesia (an antacid

containing magnesium hydroxide)

•Many cleaning products (ammonia, etc)

What properties do acids What properties do acids have?have?Acids tend to be:•Tart or sour tasting•In solution, they are an

electrolyte•They can cause chemical

dyes (called indicators) to change colors

What properties do bases What properties do bases have?have?Bases tend to be:•Bitter tasting•Slippery feeling when

touched•Able to neutralize an acid

• SaltsSalts are ionic compounds formed from a cation (other than H+)and an anion (other than OH-).

any ionic compound that is not classified as an acid or base. taste

salty!

• ElectrolytesElectrolytes are substances that can conduct electricity when dissolved in water.

electricity is the flow of electrons (e-). cations (+) allow (-) e- to flow through water.

• There are three classes of electrolytes… acids, bases and salts!

• Good electrolytes ionize (dissociate) completely (100%) in water. HNO3, HCl, NaOH and KOH all ionize

completely

So what So what ISIS an acid? an acid?

An acid is a compound that produces hydrogen ions (H+) when dissolved in water.

The formula would be HaX, where X is any monatomic or polyatomic anion and a is the anion’s charge.

Obj. 5-6…Acid Nomenclature• Two types of acids…binary and ternary

• Binary acids (two capital letters)… ‘hydro______ic acid’

HF = hydrofluoric acidhydrofluoric acid H2S =

hydrosulfuric acidhydrosulfuric acid• Ternary acids (three or more capital letters)…

‘ate – ic / ite – ous’

NO HYDRO!!!

anions ending in ‘ate’ change to ‘ic’…anions ending in ‘ite’ change to ‘ous’! H2SO4 =

sulfuric acidsulfuric acid

sulfate

HNO2 = nitrous acidnitrous acidnitrite

Obj. 5-6 cont…• To write formulas for acids…

formula starts with H

look at oxidation #s to see if subscripts are needed

prefix ‘hydro’ = only 2 capital letters no ‘hydro’ = H + polyatomic ion (ate – ic / ite – ous)

oxalic acid = HH+1+1 and C and C22OO44 -2 -2

==

Ex… HH22CC22OO44

hydroiodic acid =

HH+1+1 and I and I -1 -1

== HIHI

sulfurous acid = HH+1+1 and SO and SO3 3 -2 -2

== HH22SOSO33

Naming an acidNaming an acid

When the name of the anion (X) ends in –ide, the name begins with hydro-, then the stem of the anion, then the name ends with –ic acid instead of -ide.

When the name of the ion ends in –ite, then the name would be the stem of the anion and the suffix –ous acid instead of –ite.

When the name of the ion ends in –ate, then the name would be the stem of the anion and the suffix –ic acid instead of-ate.

Then what is a base?Then what is a base?

A base is a compound that produces hydroxide (OH-) ions when in solution.

Bases are named the same way that an ionic compound would be named.

Name the following acids and bases:

HClO3

Chloric Acid

H3PO4Phosphoric Acid

HFHydrofluoric Acid

HNO3Nitric Acid

KOHPotassium Hydroxide

H2SO4Sulfuric Acid

Ba(OH)2Barium Hydroxide

HCNHydrocyanic Acid

H3PO3

Phosphorous Acid

HClO4

Perchloric Acid

HBrHydrobromic Acid

H2CO3

Carbonic Acid

Al(OH)3Aluminum Hydroxide

Write the formula for the following acids and

bases:

Hydrochloric AcidHCl

Barium HydroxideBa(OH)2

Sulfuric AcidH2SO4

Phosphorous AcidH3PO3

Sodium Hydroxide

NaOH

Hydroiodic AcidHI

Nitrous AcidHNO2

Ammonium Hydroxide

NH4OH

Chromic AcidH2CrO4

Permanganic AcidHMnO4

Hydrobromic AcidHBr

Lithium Hydroxide

LiOH

Nitric AcidHNO3

Thiocyanic AcidHSCN