chapter 2 section 3 spain builds and empire. spanish conquistadors –soldiers that led expeditions...
TRANSCRIPT
Chapter 2 Section 3Chapter 2 Section 3
Spain Builds and EmpireSpain Builds and Empire
Spain Builds and EmpireSpain Builds and Empire
Spanish ConquistadorsSpanish Conquistadors– Soldiers that led expeditions to AmericasSoldiers that led expeditions to Americas– Came looking for GoldCame looking for Gold– Conquest of the AztecConquest of the Aztec
Hernan CortesHernan Cortes– Left Cuba and went west to what is Mexico in 1519Left Cuba and went west to what is Mexico in 1519
– Land ruled by Aztecs and Moctezuma IILand ruled by Aztecs and Moctezuma II
– Ended up in Tenochtitlan and saw that the Aztecs had gold and Ended up in Tenochtitlan and saw that the Aztecs had gold and silversilver
– Spanish out numbered (less than 700 to thousands)Spanish out numbered (less than 700 to thousands)
– Spanish had superior weapons and help from Aztec enemiesSpanish had superior weapons and help from Aztec enemies
Spain Builds and EmpireSpain Builds and Empire
Conquest of the Aztec (continued)Conquest of the Aztec (continued)– Malintzin Malintzin
Indian Woman that helped the Spanish get alliesIndian Woman that helped the Spanish get allies
– Due to a variety of reasons, including small-pox the Due to a variety of reasons, including small-pox the Aztec empire fell to the SpanishAztec empire fell to the Spanish
Conquest of the IncaConquest of the Inca– Francisco PizarroFrancisco Pizarro
Only 400 men in the Army, but better weaponsOnly 400 men in the Army, but better weapons Captured Cuzco and Killed the leadersCaptured Cuzco and Killed the leaders By 1534 had control of the entire empireBy 1534 had control of the entire empire
Spain Builds and EmpireSpain Builds and Empire
Spanish SettlementsSpanish Settlements– Began to settle newly claimed landsBegan to settle newly claimed lands– Span wanted to control the migration thoughSpan wanted to control the migration though
Jews, Muslims, and non-Christian forbidden in New Jews, Muslims, and non-Christian forbidden in New SpainSpain
Most immigrants were menMost immigrants were men
– Ruled through a council of officialsRuled through a council of officials Council of Indies (top)Council of Indies (top)
– Viceroyalty of Peru- governed most of South AmericaViceroyalty of Peru- governed most of South America– Viceroyalty of New Spain- governed most of Central Viceroyalty of New Spain- governed most of Central
America, Mexico and Southern USAmerica, Mexico and Southern US
Spain Builds and EmpireSpain Builds and Empire
Settlements (Continued)Settlements (Continued)– 3 types of Settlements3 types of Settlements
Pueblos- trading posts, and centers of governmentPueblos- trading posts, and centers of government Missions- started by priests to convert NativesMissions- started by priests to convert Natives Presidios- military basesPresidios- military bases
– El Camino Real (The Royal Road)El Camino Real (The Royal Road) Connected Settlements Connected Settlements Covered from Mexico City to Santa Fe and into Covered from Mexico City to Santa Fe and into
CaliforniaCalifornia
Spain Builds and EmpireSpain Builds and Empire
Exploring the BorderlandsExploring the Borderlands– SoutheastSoutheast
Ponce de LeonPonce de Leon– Landed in Caribbean in 1508Landed in Caribbean in 1508– Discovered gold in Puerto RicoDiscovered gold in Puerto Rico– Become governorBecome governor– 1512 discovered coast of Florida1512 discovered coast of Florida– Searched for Fountain of Youth (Never found it)Searched for Fountain of Youth (Never found it)– St. Augustine FloridaSt. Augustine Florida
Hernando de SotoHernando de Soto– 2 decades after Ponce de Leon got permission to go into what 2 decades after Ponce de Leon got permission to go into what
would be the Carolinaswould be the Carolinas– Crossed the Appalachian MountainsCrossed the Appalachian Mountains– Found the Mississippi River in 1541Found the Mississippi River in 1541– Died 1542 in what would be the Oklahoma areaDied 1542 in what would be the Oklahoma area
Spain Builds and EmpireSpain Builds and Empire
Exploring the Borderlands (continued)Exploring the Borderlands (continued)– SouthwestSouthwest
1528- Alvar Nunez de Vaca & Paniflo de Narvaez when in to 1528- Alvar Nunez de Vaca & Paniflo de Narvaez when in to North AmericaNorth America
300 men300 men Started in FloridaStarted in Florida Problems with weather and diseaseProblems with weather and disease Crashed a boat near what would be GalvestonCrashed a boat near what would be Galveston
– 4 survivors captured (Including a slave named Estevanico)4 survivors captured (Including a slave named Estevanico)– After 6 years escaped and continued to exploreAfter 6 years escaped and continued to explore– The slave became a guide for other groupsThe slave became a guide for other groups
De Vaca returned to Spain and called for better treatment of De Vaca returned to Spain and called for better treatment of NativesNatives
– Wrote a book about his expeditionWrote a book about his expedition
Spain Builds and EmpireSpain Builds and Empire
Exploring the Borderlands (continued)Exploring the Borderlands (continued)– SouthwestSouthwest
Francisco Vasquez de CoronadoFrancisco Vasquez de Coronado– 1540 set out to explore the Southwest and look for Seven Cities of Gold1540 set out to explore the Southwest and look for Seven Cities of Gold– Discovered the Grand CanyonDiscovered the Grand Canyon– Got as far north as KansasGot as far north as Kansas
Treatment of Native AmericansTreatment of Native Americans– Natives suffered greatlyNatives suffered greatly– Forced LaborForced Labor
Peninsulares set up encomienda system- Spanish could tax local Peninsulares set up encomienda system- Spanish could tax local native Americans or make them work, suppose to protect and convert native Americans or make them work, suppose to protect and convert them, but really became slavesthem, but really became slaves
Set up plantations and forced Natives to work on haciendas (large Set up plantations and forced Natives to work on haciendas (large estates)estates)
Spain Builds and EmpireSpain Builds and Empire
Role of Catholic ChurchRole of Catholic Church– Priests were ordered to convert natives to Priests were ordered to convert natives to
CatholicismCatholicism– Cultures began to combineCultures began to combine– Many such as Bartolome de Las Casas said the Many such as Bartolome de Las Casas said the
conversion needed to be gentle, but the conversion needed to be gentle, but the colonists rarely followed that path.colonists rarely followed that path.