chapter 2 section 2. obelisk mummification hieroglyphics papyrus rosetta stone
TRANSCRIPT
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Egyptian CultureChapter 2Section 2
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Obelisk Mummification Hieroglyphics Papyrus Rosetta Stone
Key Terms
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Worshiped many Few central
◦ Osiris- king and judge of the dead
◦ Isis-nature and protector of women
◦ Horus-god of the sky, pharaohs thought to be human form
◦ Anubis-judge of and protector of cemeteries
Gods and Godesses
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Re- god of the sun, father of pharaohs
Anubis weighed the souls of the dead◦ Light soul, good life◦ Heavy soul fed to
terrible monster
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Built temples to honor the gods
Obelisks- tall thin pillars with pyramid shaped tops (single stone)
Priests performed rituals
Caring for gods left to the priests
Temples and Religious Pratices
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Belief in afterlife Elaborate rituals
for death Ka-individuals
personality Thought Ka would
shrivel if body decomposed
Mummification and Burial
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Prevent breakdown of dead body
Only kings and royal family
Remove internal organs
Brain through nose Heart left in body Organs placed in
jars
Mummification and Burial
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Buried with all their possessions
Food and drink Pharaohs had
treasures and riches
Statues for servants
Burial
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Images on tomb walls
Items buried Clothing cosmetics Furniture tools
Daily Life
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Highly stratified Pharaoh and royal
family Government
officials Priests Scribe Military leaders Were the
wealthiest
Social Structure
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90% peasants farmers Recruited to build
large projects Slaves
◦ Not large part of population
Less rigid Gain status as a
scribe Ability to read and
write
Social Structure
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Varied by class Pharaohs married
their sisters Royalty had more
than one wife Lived as family
units Poor tiny hut Wealthy brick
home, few rooms
Home and Family Life
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Women take care of children
Women had rights Could be priestess Inherit property Divorce husbands Girls learned how
to raise children Boys learned
trades
Women and Children
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Shaved heads and wore wigs
Wore perfume and makeup
Clothing linen and wool
Men wore long skirts Gold jewelry Sports, boating,
hunting
Appearance and Customs
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Very distinctive◦ Detailed and colorful◦ Illustration of stories◦ Found on walls of
tombs Torsos are straight
on Head, arms legs
from side Gods and pharaohs
drawn much larger
Egyptian Art
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Recorded all kinds of events
Hieroglyphics-uses pictures from symbols to represent sounds, objects
Hieratic- for fast writing religious
Papyrus- made from reeds still around
Egyptian Writing
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Rosetta Stone Same text written
in three scripts◦ Hieroglyphics◦ Demotic◦ Ancient Greek◦ Using Greek text
figured out meaning◦ Unlocked the
mystery of Egypt
Egyptian Writing
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Used it to improve their lives
Add, subtract, multiply, divide
Geometry Medicine
◦ Human anatomy◦ Surgical procedures◦ Used medicine from
plants
Egyptian Math and Science