chapter 2, section 1 the nile valley

Chapter 2, Section 1 19

Chapter 2, Section 1

The Nile Valley(Pages 38-46)

Setting a Purpose for Reading Think about these questions as you read:• Why did the early Egyptians settle in the Nile River valley?• What role did the Nile River valley play in the development of the

Egyptian civilization?• How was early Egyptian society divided?

As you read pages 39–42 in your textbook, complete this diagram to describe

Egyptian irrigation systems.

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Irrigation

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As you read, take notes describing the Nile and the areasurrounding this great river. Use your notes to answer thisquestion: How did the Nile and the surrounding area helpprotect Egypt?

Define or describe the following terms from this lesson.

Briefly describe the following places.

20 Chapter 2, Section 1

Egypt

Nile River

Sahara

cataract

delta

Settling the Nile (pages 39–40)

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Define these academic vocabulary words from this lesson.

Use each of these terms that you studied earlier in a sen-tence that reflects the term’s meaning.

What was Egypt’s physical setting like?

As you read, write three questions about the main ideaspresented in the passage. After you have finished reading,write the answers to these questions.

1.


rely

feature

civilization(Chapter 1, Section 2)

city-state (Chapter 1, Section 2)

The River People (pages 41–42)

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2.

3.



Use each of these terms, that you studied earlier, in a sentence that reflects the term’s meaning.


papyrus

hieroglyphics

secure

technology

irrigation(Chapter 1, Section 2)

technology(Chapter 1, Section 1)

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What crops did ancient Egyptians grow?

As you read, write three details about Narmer. Then writea general statement about Narmer’s leadership on thebasis of these details.

1.

2.

3.

Define or describe the following term from this lesson.


dynasty

A United Egypt (pages 43–44)

General Statement

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Explain why this person is important.

Define this academic vocabulary word from this lesson.

What is a dynasty?

As you read, complete the following sentences. Doing sowill help you summarize the section.

1. The ______________ was at the top of the early Egyptian social structure.

2. Egypt’s upper class was made up of ______________.

3. Egypt’s middle class included people who ______________.


emerge

Narmer

Early Egyptian Life (pages 45–46)

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4. ______________ made up the largest group of early Egyptians.

5. ______________ were at the bottom of the social structure in Egypt.

6. ______________ had more rights in Egypt than in most other early civilizations.


Who made up the largest group in Egyptian society?


portion

obtain

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Now that you have read the section, write the answers tothe questions that were included in Setting a Purpose forReading at the beginning of the lesson.

Why did the early Egyptians settle in the Nile River valley?

What role did the Nile River valley play in the development of theEgyptian civilization?

How was early Egyptian society divided?




Egypt’s Old Kingdom(Pages 47–52)

Setting a Purpose for Reading Think about these questions as you read:• What were the main Egyptian beliefs about deities and the afterlife?• Why did Egyptians build pyramids?

As you read pages 49–50 in your textbook, complete this graphic organizer to

show the different religious beliefs in Egypt.

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Egyptian Beliefs

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As you read, write the main idea of the passage. Reviewyour statement when you have finished reading and reviseas needed.



Why did the pharaohs hold so much power?


period

welfare

pharaoh

Old Kingdom Rulers (page 48)

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To preview this section, first skim the section. Then write a sentence or two explaining what you think you will belearning. After you have finished reading, revise yourstatements as necessary.




grant

medical

deity

embalming

mummy

Egypt’s Religion (pages 49–50)

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Who were some of the main gods and goddesses of ancientEgypt?

Imagine standing at the foot of an ancient pyramid. Whatdo these giant structures tell you about the Egyptian cul-ture and people? As you read, take notes about the pyra-mids to help you answer this question.


Briefly describe the following place.



pyramid

Giza

King Khufu

The Pyramids (pages 50–52)

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What was the purpose of pyramids?


What were the main Egyptian beliefs about deities and the afterlife?

Why did Egyptians build pyramids?


structure

principle



The Egyptian Empire(Pages 59–67)

Setting a Purpose for Reading Think about these questions as you read:• What was life like during the Middle Kingdom?• What important events happened during the New Kingdom?

As you read pages 65–67 in your textbook, complete this diagram showing the

major accomplishments of Ramses II.

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Ramses II

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The Middle Kingdom was a golden age for Egypt. Beforeyou read, skim the passage. Make a note of any points thatsupport this statement. Then, after you read, go back andfill in additional information about this golden age.


Briefly describe the following place.




Thebes

Ahmose

restore

create

tribute

The Middle Kingdom (pages 60–61)

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Who were the Hyksos?

As you read, list the achievements of Hatshepsut andThutmose III in the columns below. Then, based on theachievements you have listed, write a short paragraphevaluating the leadership of one of these rulers. Use spe-cific examples from your list to support your opinion.


Evaluation

incense

The New Kingdom (pages 61–62)

Hatshepsut Thutmose III


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Use this term, that you studied earlier, in a sentence thatreflects the term’s meaning.

Describe Egyptian trade during the rule of Hatshepsut.

Before you read, skim the text. Then write three questionsabout the main ideas you find. After you have finishedreading, write the answers to these questions.

1.


priority

behalf

pharaoh(Chapter 2, Section 2)

The Legacies of Two Pharaohs (pages 64–65)

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2.

3.



Why is Tutankhamen so famous today?


Akhenaton

maintain

rely

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As you read, place the following events in the correct orderby numbering them in the spaces provided.

1. Groups from the eastern Mediterranean attack Egypt by sea.

2. Egyptian armies regain lands in western Asia.

3. Egypt is taken over by the Assyrians.

4. Egypt is conquered by Libyans.

5. Ramses II becomes pharaoh.

6. Egypt is ruled by Kush.

7. The temple at Karnak is built.


Define this academic vocabulary word from this lesson.

What groups conquered Egypt starting in the 900s B.C.?


The End of the New Kingdom (pages 65–67)

construct

Ramses II

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What was life like during the Middle Kingdom?

What important events happened during the New Kingdom?




The Civilization of Kush(Pages 68–72)

Setting a Purpose for Reading Think about these questions as you read:• Who were the Nubians and what were they known for?• What was life like for the people of Kush?

As you read pages 70–72 in your textbook, complete this diagram to show the

differences and similarities between Napata and Meroë.

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NapataBoth

Meroë

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As you read, write the main idea of the passage. Reviewyour statement when you have finished reading and reviseas needed.




Nubia

Kush

Kerma

savanna

Nubia (pages 69–70)

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Use each of these terms, that you studied earlier, in a sentence that reflects the term’s meaning.

Where was Kush located?


historian(Chapter 2, Section 2)

hieroglyphics(Chapter 2, Section 2)

period

collapse

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Complete this outline as you read.

I. The Importance of Iron

A. __________________________________________________________

B. __________________________________________________________

II. A New Capital

A. __________________________________________________________

B. __________________________________________________________

III. Building a Profitable Trade

A. __________________________________________________________

B. __________________________________________________________


Explain why each of these people is important.


Kashta

Piye

Napata

Meroë

The Rise of Kush (pages 70–72)

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Define these academic vocabulary words from this lesson

Use each of these terms that you studied earlier in a sen-tence that reflects the term’s meaning.

How did Kush become a wealthy kingdom?


decline

culture

caravan(Chapter 1, Section 3)

dynasty(Chapter 2, Section 1)

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Who were the Nubians and what were they known for?

What was life like for the people of Kush?


chapter 2, section 1 the nile valley

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