chapter 2 reconstruction is…
DESCRIPTION
Chapter 2 RECONSTRUCTION is…. REBUILDING the South After the destruction of the Civil War REBUILDING the Union Readmitting the Southern states REBUILDING Southern society Giving rights to blacks – freedom, citizenship, voting. LINCOLN’S 10% PLAN. #2 - Lincoln wanted to be lenient - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
![Page 1: Chapter 2 RECONSTRUCTION is…](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022062309/56813f4f550346895daa0802/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Chapter 2Chapter 2
RECONSTRUCTION is…RECONSTRUCTION is…
• REBUILDING the South– After the destruction of the Civil War
• REBUILDING the Union– Readmitting the Southern states
• REBUILDING Southern society– Giving rights to blacks – freedom,
citizenship, voting
![Page 2: Chapter 2 RECONSTRUCTION is…](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022062309/56813f4f550346895daa0802/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
LINCOLN’S 10% PLANLINCOLN’S 10% PLAN
• #2 - Lincoln wanted to be lenient– AMNESTYAMNESTY (a pardon) to all Southerners
who take a loyalty oath to the U.S. (THE ENEMY THEY JUST LOST TO!)
– When 10% of a state’s voters take the oath, the state can be readmitted.
– Before readmission, the state must also abolish slavery.
So… why was Lincoln’s death the greatest tragedy for the South?So… why was Lincoln’s death the greatest tragedy for the South?
![Page 3: Chapter 2 RECONSTRUCTION is…](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022062309/56813f4f550346895daa0802/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Johnson’s Plan - #3Johnson’s Plan - #3Presidential ReconstructionPresidential Reconstruction
• Pardoned thousands of Southerners – allowed them to regain their property lost during the war and their citizenship
• A Southerner who did NOT consider blacks equal to whites
• States must RATIFY 13TH Amendment to be readmitted
• States did NOT have to ratify the 15th Amend.
![Page 4: Chapter 2 RECONSTRUCTION is…](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022062309/56813f4f550346895daa0802/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Johnson’s Plan - #4Johnson’s Plan - #4Presidential ReconstructionPresidential Reconstruction
• Under Johnson’s plan, many former Confederate leaders were able to regain control of southern governments
• Southern states soon started trying to withhold the right to vote from newly freed black men
• They began passing the Black Codes
![Page 5: Chapter 2 RECONSTRUCTION is…](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022062309/56813f4f550346895daa0802/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
BLACK CODES - #4BLACK CODES - #4(based on former Slave Codes)(based on former Slave Codes)
• Purpose: to keep former slaves oppressed
• Restrictions for freedmen:
– Can’t vote; can’t hold office
– Can’t serve on juries or testify against whites
– Can’t own guns; can’t own land
– Can’t go to school
– Must have a job or go to jail
- So, many wound up working on the same land …..
– could not attend school
– Blacks could not own a weapon
– Blacks must have a job (or go to jail)
– Blacks could not serve Blacks could not own land in some states
![Page 6: Chapter 2 RECONSTRUCTION is…](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022062309/56813f4f550346895daa0802/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
RADICAL REPUBLICAN PLANRADICAL REPUBLICAN PLANFOR RECONSTRUCTIONFOR RECONSTRUCTION
• #5 - Led by Rep. Thaddeus Stevens• Wanted to punish the South for starting the war and
keeping it going for so long• OUTRAGED by the South’s use of Black Codes• Goal: guarantee full and complete equal rights to
blacks – citizenship and the right to vote• Gave greater power to the Freedmen’s Bureau and
passed a Civil Rights Act to prohibit discrimination
![Page 7: Chapter 2 RECONSTRUCTION is…](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022062309/56813f4f550346895daa0802/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
FREEDMAN’SFREEDMAN’SBUREAUBUREAU
• #6 – Freedman’s Bureau was similar to a welfare agency.• Its task was to provide aid to the newly freed blacks and
help them adjust to their freedom– Food, clothing– Assistance in finding jobs, getting homes, etc.
• Most important contribution is in EDUCATION– Trained teachers– Began many black schools
![Page 8: Chapter 2 RECONSTRUCTION is…](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022062309/56813f4f550346895daa0802/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
MilitaryMilitaryReconstruction ActReconstruction Act
• #7 – Act passed by the Radical Republicans
• Divides South into 5 military districts
• Requires each state to adopt a new constitution which gave black males the right to vote and required each state to ratify the 14th amendment.“
![Page 9: Chapter 2 RECONSTRUCTION is…](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022062309/56813f4f550346895daa0802/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
READMISSION TO THE UNIONREADMISSION TO THE UNION
• #8 – TENNESSEE IS THE FIRST SOUTHERN STATE TO BE READMITTED TO THE UNION IN 1866.
![Page 10: Chapter 2 RECONSTRUCTION is…](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022062309/56813f4f550346895daa0802/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
The Civil War Amendments - #9The Civil War Amendments - #9
• 13th Amendment – FREED all former slaves; abolished
slavery nationwide• 14th Amendment
– MEN … former slaves are granted citizenship & equal protection of laws
• 15th Amendment – VOTE … black men got right to vote.
![Page 11: Chapter 2 RECONSTRUCTION is…](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022062309/56813f4f550346895daa0802/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
IMPEACHMENT OF IMPEACHMENT OF PRESIDENT JOHNSONPRESIDENT JOHNSON
• #10 – Radical Republicans want to get rid of Johnson and passed an act they knew he would violate
• Tenure of Office Act - limited Johnson’s ability to fire cabinet members; Johnson fired one anyway (Sec. of War)
• House of Representatives votes to impeach him. (“Impeach” = accuse)
• Trial held in the Senate - he was acquitted (found innocent) by ONE vote and so was not kicked out of office.
• BUT, he really has no power for the rest of his term.
![Page 12: Chapter 2 RECONSTRUCTION is…](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022062309/56813f4f550346895daa0802/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
CARPETBAG CARPETBAG GOVERNMENTSGOVERNMENTS
• #11 - Carpetbaggers were Northern Republicans who came South during Reconstruction and held office in the new Southern governments
• A derogatory term – meant they were poor whites who could fit all their belongings into one bag & came to take advantage of the South
• Scalawags were Southerners who supported Reconstruction• Carpetbag gov’ts had reputation for corruption BUT did
build many schools and help rebuild the South
![Page 13: Chapter 2 RECONSTRUCTION is…](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022062309/56813f4f550346895daa0802/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
Southern ResistanceSouthern Resistance
• #12 - Ku Klux Klan• Starts in TN• Targeted blacks,
carpetbaggers, teachers in black schools, Radical Republicans
• Used LYNCHING to establish control
![Page 14: Chapter 2 RECONSTRUCTION is…](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022062309/56813f4f550346895daa0802/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
Economic Reconstruction:Economic Reconstruction:SharecroppingSharecropping
• # 13 - Sharecropper – Freedmen who farmed land owned by someone else (former masters in most cases) in return for a share of the profit from the crops
• Cropper got a cabin, mule, tools, and small plot of land to farm
• If cropper owed money to landowner for cash loans, use of tools, fertilizer, etc. he couldn’t leave until the debt was paid off --- known as “debt peonage”
![Page 15: Chapter 2 RECONSTRUCTION is…](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022062309/56813f4f550346895daa0802/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
#14 - System keeps blacks trapped on plantations:• Got charged up to 40% interest on supplies purchased
(fertilizer, food for farm animals, etc.)• Fall into debt & trapped on land until debts paid
![Page 16: Chapter 2 RECONSTRUCTION is…](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022062309/56813f4f550346895daa0802/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
![Page 17: Chapter 2 RECONSTRUCTION is…](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022062309/56813f4f550346895daa0802/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
GRANT AS PRESIDENTGRANT AS PRESIDENT
• #15 - Elected in 1868 & 1872• Civil war hero who saved the
Union! But ..... a• TERRIBLE PRESIDENT• Scandals & massive
corruption during his administration!
![Page 18: Chapter 2 RECONSTRUCTION is…](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022062309/56813f4f550346895daa0802/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
Reconstruction EndsReconstruction Ends
• #16 - Tilden (D) had more popular votes than Hays (R) and should have won BUT there are disputed votes in 3 states so a compromise has to to be worked out.
• COMPROMISE OF 1877:– North gets the Presidency - Hayes, the
Republican, is declared President– South gets U.S. troops removed from the South
• RECONSTRUCTION IS OVER!!!
![Page 19: Chapter 2 RECONSTRUCTION is…](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022062309/56813f4f550346895daa0802/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
THE NEW SOUTHTHE NEW SOUTH
• Does NOT mean that it is good for African Americans
• It is the period known as the nadir in race relations
• #17 - African Americans deprived of 14th & 15th Amendment rights
![Page 20: Chapter 2 RECONSTRUCTION is…](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022062309/56813f4f550346895daa0802/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
#18 -METHODS USED TO#18 -METHODS USED TODENY VOTING RIGHTSDENY VOTING RIGHTS
• Literacy Tests– To check reading ability; blacks got harder test than whites and failed
• Poll Taxes– Had to pay to vote
• Grandfather Clauses– IF your grandfather could vote at the end of the Civil War, you could be
exempted from literacy tests and poll taxes …
• The KKK– Intimidated African American voters and kept them from coming to the
voting polls
SO, who will get elected into Southern governments?
![Page 21: Chapter 2 RECONSTRUCTION is…](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022062309/56813f4f550346895daa0802/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
THE NEW SOUTHTHE NEW SOUTH
• #19 -New Southern governments quickly passed Jim Crow Laws– laws to segregate the South
• SEGREGATION = SEPARATION BY RACE
• 1896, Supreme Court upheld segregation in Plessy v. Ferguson
• Was there segregation in the North also?
![Page 22: Chapter 2 RECONSTRUCTION is…](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022062309/56813f4f550346895daa0802/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
POSITIVE CHANGES IN THE POSITIVE CHANGES IN THE NEW SOUTHNEW SOUTH
• Other crops besides cotton, tobacco, rice get started – fruits, vegetables
• #20 - SOME industry gets started:– TEXTILES (Cotton mills)• BUT, only 6% of South is actually
involved in industry