Chapter 2 QuizChapter 2 Quiz

The Research Enterprise in The Research Enterprise in PsychologyPsychology

Don’t forget to write your answers on a Don’t forget to write your answers on a separate piece of paper to grade when you’re separate piece of paper to grade when you’re

done!done!

1. Organized sets of concepts that explain 1. Organized sets of concepts that explain phenomena arephenomena are

a) independent variablesa) independent variables

b) dependent variablesb) dependent variables

c) hypothesesc) hypotheses

d) theoriesd) theories

2. “Students will be able to read a statement 2. “Students will be able to read a statement printed in the Comic Sans font faster than the printed in the Comic Sans font faster than the same statement written in the Lucida same statement written in the Lucida Calligraphy font.”Calligraphy font.”The previous statement is a(n)The previous statement is a(n)

a) hypothesisa) hypothesisb) theoryb) theoryc) replicationc) replicationd) operational definitiond) operational definition

3. A theory is3. A theory is

a) a tentative statement about the a) a tentative statement about the relationship between two or more variables relationship between two or more variables

b) a system of interrelated ideas used to explain b) a system of interrelated ideas used to explain a a set of observations set of observations

c) a statement of research results that have been c) a statement of research results that have been proven to be correct proven to be correct

d) a preliminary proposal that has yet to be d) a preliminary proposal that has yet to be testedtested

4. Theoretically, random assignment should 4. Theoretically, random assignment should eliminateeliminate

a) sampling errora) sampling error

b) the need to use statisticsb) the need to use statistics

c) concerns over validityc) concerns over validity

d) many confounding variablesd) many confounding variables

5. When subjects in the experimental group put a 5. When subjects in the experimental group put a puzzle piece in the wrong place, the experimenter puzzle piece in the wrong place, the experimenter unconsciously winced. The experimenter did not unconsciously winced. The experimenter did not wince when subjects in the control group put a piece wince when subjects in the control group put a piece in the wrong place.in the wrong place.The wincing of the experimenter must be eliminated The wincing of the experimenter must be eliminated because it isbecause it is

a) fraudulenta) fraudulentb) a demand characteristicb) a demand characteristicc) a confabulationc) a confabulationd) a confounding variabled) a confounding variable

6. The two basic types of statistics are6. The two basic types of statistics are

a) descriptive and inferentiala) descriptive and inferential

b) central tendency and variabilityb) central tendency and variability

c) sampling and correlativec) sampling and correlative

d) parametric and nonparametricd) parametric and nonparametric

7. Of the following, which research method is 7. Of the following, which research method is most effective for studying unusually complex most effective for studying unusually complex or rare phenomena?or rare phenomena?

a) controlled experimenta) controlled experiment

b) surveysb) surveys

c) naturalistic observationc) naturalistic observation

d) case studyd) case study

8. Of the following, which research method 8. Of the following, which research method would be most appropriate for investigating would be most appropriate for investigating the relationship between political party the relationship between political party membership and attitude toward the death membership and attitude toward the death penalty?penalty?

a) controlled experimenta) controlled experimentb) naturalistic observationb) naturalistic observationc) testc) testd) surveyd) survey

9. Of the following, the strongest positive 9. Of the following, the strongest positive correlation would most likely be shown correlation would most likely be shown betweenbetween

a) an adult’s weight and running speeda) an adult’s weight and running speed

b) close friendships and happinessb) close friendships and happiness

c) sense of humor and years of educationc) sense of humor and years of education

d) visual acuity and salaryd) visual acuity and salary

10. John wants to study the effects of alcohol on the 10. John wants to study the effects of alcohol on the behavior of college students. For his study, he spends behavior of college students. For his study, he spends 5 hours every night for 2 weeks at a bar near a 5 hours every night for 2 weeks at a bar near a college watching how the patrons act before and after college watching how the patrons act before and after drinking alcoholic beverages. The research method drinking alcoholic beverages. The research method John is employing is aJohn is employing is a

a) controlled experimenta) controlled experimentb) surveyb) surveyc) testc) testd) naturalistic observationd) naturalistic observation

11. What is the median of the following 11. What is the median of the following distribution: 6, 2, 9, 4, 7, 3?distribution: 6, 2, 9, 4, 7, 3?

a) 4a) 4

b) 5b) 5

c) 5.5c) 5.5

d) 6d) 6

12. Of the following, the correlation coefficient 12. Of the following, the correlation coefficient that indicates the strongest relationship that indicates the strongest relationship between the two variables being measured isbetween the two variables being measured is

a) +0.65a) +0.65

b) -0.89b) -0.89

c) 0.00c) 0.00

d) +3.45d) +3.45

13. Inferential statistics help us determine 13. Inferential statistics help us determine whether ________ played a role in an whether ________ played a role in an experimentexperiment

a) chancea) chance

b) a dependent variableb) a dependent variable

c) a normal distributionc) a normal distribution

d) geneticsd) genetics

14. Placebo effects occur when14. Placebo effects occur whena) the sample is not representative of the a) the sample is not representative of the population populationb) two variables are confoundedb) two variables are confoundedc) subjects are influenced by the social c) subjects are influenced by the social desirability bias desirability biasd) due to their expectations, subjects d) due to their expectations, subjects experience some change from a experience some change from a nonexistent or ineffective treatment nonexistent or ineffective treatment

15. Which set of concepts is NOT a closely 15. Which set of concepts is NOT a closely related set?related set?

a) mean, median, modea) mean, median, mode

b) method, results, discussionb) method, results, discussion

c) experiment, independent variable, c) experiment, independent variable, control group control group

d) correlation, sample, journald) correlation, sample, journal

Chapter 2 Answer KeyChapter 2 Answer Key

1. D1. D

2. A2. A

3. B3. B

4. D4. D

5. D5. D

6. A6. A

7. D7. D

8. D8. D

9. B9. B

10. D10. D

11. B11. B

12. B12. B

13. A13. A

14. D14. D

15. D15. D

Essay Question Possibilities!!Essay Question Possibilities!!

One of the following essay questions will One of the following essay questions will appear on your test, be familiar with all of appear on your test, be familiar with all of them!!them!!

Essay Question # 1Essay Question # 1

Design a simple experiment to investigate the Design a simple experiment to investigate the effects of television violence on children’s effects of television violence on children’s aggressive behavior, being sure to identify the aggressive behavior, being sure to identify the independent and dependent variables, and the independent and dependent variables, and the experimental and control groups.experimental and control groups.

Essay Question # 2Essay Question # 2

Design a simple descriptive/correlational study Design a simple descriptive/correlational study to investigate the relationship between to investigate the relationship between television violence and children’s aggressive television violence and children’s aggressive behavior.behavior.

Essay Question # 3Essay Question # 3

What are the relative weaknesses and strengths What are the relative weaknesses and strengths of descriptive/correlational research as of descriptive/correlational research as opposed to experimental research? Under opposed to experimental research? Under what conditions would a psychologist choose what conditions would a psychologist choose one method as opposed to the other?one method as opposed to the other?

Essay Question # 4Essay Question # 4

What is the difference between a positive and What is the difference between a positive and a negative correlation? List some specific a negative correlation? List some specific variables that you predict would be positively variables that you predict would be positively correlated, and variables that would be correlated, and variables that would be negatively correlated, with alcohol negatively correlated, with alcohol consumption by college students.consumption by college students.

Essay Question # 5Essay Question # 5

How do you feel about the use of animals as How do you feel about the use of animals as research subjects in psychological studies? research subjects in psychological studies? Back up your position with evidence.Back up your position with evidence.

Good Luck!Good Luck!

Make sure to double check all of your answers Make sure to double check all of your answers and study them for the upcoming exam. and study them for the upcoming exam. Remember, AT LEAST FIVE of the questions Remember, AT LEAST FIVE of the questions from this quiz will make some sort of from this quiz will make some sort of appearance on the chapter test along with one appearance on the chapter test along with one of the essay questions.of the essay questions.

Take advantage of this study guide and good Take advantage of this study guide and good luck on your test!luck on your test!