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Chapter 2. Present Time 2

2.1 Pendahuluan

A. Deskripsi singkat: Pokok Bahasan ini memberikan pengetahuan tata Bahasa Inggris

dalam membuat kalimat present tense

B. Relevansi: Pokok bahasan ini merupakan bagian terakhir dari dua materi cara membuat

kalimat present tense.

C. Kompetensi

C.1. Standar Kompetensi: Mampu membuat kalimat present tense dengan benar.

C.2. Kompetensi Dasar: Setelah menyelesaikan pokok bahasan ini mahasiswa mampu

membuat kalimat present tenses secara benar dengan memperhatikan:

1. Penggunaan final –s.

2. Penggunaan Spelling of Final –s/-es.

3. Penggunaan Non-action Verbs.

4. Penggunaan Present Verbs dalam short answers to yes/no questions.

D. Petunjuk Belajar: bacalah tiap kalimat dengan teliti, telaah, dan tulis kembali materi

dengan ringkas dalam tabel atau resume. Kerjakan semua latihan soal, verifikasi jawaban

Anda dengan jawaban yang disertakan pada setiap akhir bab.

2.2.Penyajian

2.2.1 Uraian

FINAL -S

a. SINGULAR = one, not two or more. Example: one bird.

b. PLURAL = two, three, or more. Example: two birds, three birds, many birds, all

birds, etc.

c. A plural noun ends in –s. Example: Birds sing.

d. A singular verb ends in –s. Example: A bird sings.

e. A singular verb follows a singular subject. Add –s to the simple present verb if the

subject is 1. A singular noun (e.g., a bird, Ann, Tom) or 2. He, she, or it.

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Example:

1. A bird sings outside my window

2. It sings loudly.

3. Ann sings beautifully

*He, she, and it are third person singular personal pronouns.

EXERCISE 1. Using final -s.

Directions: Look at each word that ends in –s. Is it a noun or a verb? Is it singular or plural?

1. Ali lives in an apartment. → “lives” = a singular verb

2. Plants grow. → “plants”= a plural noun

3. Ann listens to the radio in the morning.

4. The students at this school work hard.

5. A doctor helps sick people.

6. Planets revolve around the sun.

7. A dictionary lists words in alphabetical order.

8. Mr. Lee likes to go to Forest Park in the spring. He takes the bus. He sits on a bench

near a pond and feeds the birds. Ducks swim toward him for food, and pigeons land

all around him.

EXERCISE 2. Preview: spelling of final –S/-ES.

Directions: Add final –s / -es

1. Talk ______

2. Wish ______

3. Hope ______

4. Reach ______

5. Move ______

6. Kiss ______

7. Push ______

8. Wait ______

9. Mix ______

10. Blow ______

11. Study ______

12. Busy ______

13. Enjoy ______

14. Fly ______

15. Carry ____

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2.2.2 Uraian

SPELLING OF FINAL –S/ES

a. INCORRECT: visites, speakes. CORRECT: visit � visits, speak � speaks

b. Many verbs end in –e. final –s is simply added: ride � rides, write � writes

c. Final –es is added to words that end in –ch, -sh, -s, -x, and –z. If a word ends in a

vowel + -y, simply add –s. Example: fly � flies, pay � pays

d. The singular forms of the verbs go, do, and have are irregular. go �goes /gowz/, do

�does /dәz/ , have �has /hӕz/

**Vowels = a, e, I, o, u. Consonants = all other letters in the alphabet.

EXERCISE 3. Simple present verbs : using final -S/ -ES .

Directions: Underline the verb in each sentence. Add final –s/ -es to the verb if necessary.

Do not change any other words.

1. A dog bark → barks

2. Dogs bark → (no change)

3. Wood float on water.

4. Rivers flow toward the sea.

5. My mother worry about me.

6. A student buy a lot of books at the beginning of each term.

7. Airplanes fly all around the world.

8. Mr. Wong teach Chinese at the university.

9. The teacher ask us a lot of questions in class every day.

10. Mr. Cook watch game shows on TV every morning.

11. Music consist of pleasant sounds.

12. Cats usually sleep eighteen hours a day.

13. The front page of a newspaper contain the most important news of the day.

14. Water freeze at 32° F (0°C) and boil at 212°F (100°C).

15. Mrs. Taylor never cross the street in the middle of a block. She always walk to the

corner and use the pedestrian walk away.

16. Many parts of the world enjoy four seasons: spring, summer, autumn, and winter.

Each season last three months and bring changes in the weather.

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EXERCISE 4.The simple present and the present progressive.

Directions : Create three sentences about the activity shown in each picture. Work in pairs, in

groups, or as aclass.

Sentence 1 :Activity in progress : Describe what the person in the picture doing.

Sentence 2 :Usual frequency : Describe how often this person probably does this activity.

Sentence 3 :Generalization : Make a general statement or two about this activity.

Example :

Sentence 1 :The man in the picture is swimming.

Sentence 2 :It looks like he’s near a tropical island. If he’s on vacation there, he probably

swims every day. If he lives there all the time, he probably swims once or twice a week.

Sentence 3 :People swim for enjoyment and exercise. Swimming in the ocean is fun.

1.

2.

3.

4.

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5.

6.

7.

8.

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9.

10.

11.

12.

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2.2.3 Uraian

1. NON-ACTION VERB

a. Some verbs are not used in progressive tenses. These verbs are called “non-action

verb.” They express a situation that exists, not an action in progress.

Example:

1. I know Ms. Chen INCORRECT: I am knowing Ms. Chen.

2. I'm hungry. I want a sandwich. INCORRECT: I am wanting a sandwich.

3. This book belongs to Mikhail. INCORRECT: This book is belonging to Mikhail.

b. Non-Action Verbs

c. Think and have can be used in the progressive.

In (d): When think means “believe,” it is non progressive.

In (e): When think expresses thoughts that are going through a person's mind,

it can be progressive.

In (f): When have means “own” or expresses possession, it is not used in the

progressive.

In (g):In expressions where have does not mean “own” (e.g., have a good

rime, have a bad rime, have trouble, have a problem, have company, have an

operation), have can be used in the progressive.

hear

see

sound

believe

think

understand

know

be

exist

own

have

possess

belong

need

want

prefer

like

love

hate

forget

remember

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2. Present verbs : short answers to yes/no question

*Am, is, and are not contracted with pronouns in short answer.

INCORRECT SHORT ANSWERS: Yes, I’m. Yes, she’s. Yes, they’re.

EXERCISE 5. Short answer to yes/no questions.

Directions: Answer the questions with books closed. Give both a short and a longer answer.

Work in pairs or as a class.

Example: Is Texas south of the Equator?

� No, it isn’t. Texas isn’t south of the equator. OR I don’t know.

1. Do you wear a wristwatch every day?

2. Is ( . . . ) sitting next to ( . . . ) today?

3. Does ( . . . ) usually sit in the same place every day?

QUESTION SHORT ANSWER LONG ANSWER

QUESTIONS WITH

DO/DOES

Does Bob like tea? Yes, he does.

No, he doesn’t.

Yes, he likes tea.

No, he doesn’t like tea.

Do you like tea? Yes, I do.

No, I don’t.

Yes, I like tea.

No, I don’t like tea.

QUESTIONS WITH BE Are you studying? Yes, I am.*

No, I’m not.

Yes, I am (I’m) studying.

No, I’m not studying.

Is Yoko a student? Yes, she is.*

No, she’s not. OR

No, she isn’t.

Yes, she is (she’s) a

student.

No, she’s not a student.

OR

No, she isn’t a student.

Are they studying? Yes, they are.*

No, they’re not. OR

No, they aren’t.

Yes, they are (they’re)

studying.

No, they’re not studying.

OR

No, they aren’t studying.

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4. Are ( . . . ) and ( . . . ) standing up?

5. Are you interested in politics?

6.Is Toronto in western Canada?

(Switch roles if working in pairs.)

7. Do whales lay eggs?

8. Does your country have bears in the wild?

9. Are dogs intelligent?

10. Is ( . . . ) from Combodia?

11. Is the earth turning on in axis and rotating around the sun at the same time?

12. Do all mosquitoes carry malaria?

EXERCISE 6. Review: present verbs.

Directions: Complete the sentences by using the words in parentheses. Use the simple

present or the present progressive. Supply the short answer to a question if

necessary.

1. A: My sister (have) _____________________ a new car. She bought it last month.

B: (You, have) _____________________ a car?

A: No, I_____________________ . Do you?

B: No, but I have a ten-speed bike.

2. A: Where are the children?

B: In the living room.

A: What are they doing? (they, watch)

______________________________________TV?

B: No, they_____________________ . They (play) _____________________ a

game.

3. A: Shhh. I (hear) _____________________ a noise. (you, hear)

_________________ it, too?

B: Yes, I_____________________ . I wonder what it is.

4. A: Johnny, (you, listen) _____________________ to me?

B: Of course I am, Mom. You (want) _____________________ me to take out the

garbage. Right?

A: Right! And right now!

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*The symbol ( . . . ) means “supply the name of the person.”

5. A: Knock, knock! Anybody home? Hey, Bill! Hi! It’s me. I’m here with Tom. Where

are you?

B: I (be) _____________________ in the bedroom.

A: What (you, do) _____________________ ?

B: I (try) _____________________ to sleep!

A: Oh. Sorry. I won’t bother you.Tom, shhh. Bill (rest) _____________________

6. A: What (you, think) _____________________ about at right before you fall sleep?

B: I (think) _____________________ about all of the pleasant things that happened

during the day. I (think, not) _____________________ about my problems.

7. A: A penny for your thoughts.

B: Huh?

A: What (ypu, think) _____________________ about right now?

B: I (think) _____________________ about English grammar. I (think, not)

_____________________ about anything else right now.

A: I (believe, not) _____________________ you!

8. A: (you, see) _____________________ that man over there?

B: Which man? The man in the brown jacket?

A: No, I (talk) _____________________ about the man who (wear) ______________

_____________________ the blue shirt.

9. A: (you, know) _____________________ any tongue-twisters?

B: Yes, I _____________________ . Here’s one : She sells seashells down down by

the seashore.

A: That (be) _____________________ hard to say! Can you say this : Sharon wears

Sue’s shoes to zoos to look at cheap sheep?

B: That (make, not) _____________________ any sense.

A: I (know) _____________________ .

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2.3 Penutup

2.3.1 Rangkuman

A. FINAL –S

2. A singular verb follows a singular subject. Add –s to the simple present

verb if the subject is A singular noun (e.g., a bird, Ann, Tom) or He, she, or

it.

B. Spelling of Final –s/-es

1. Final –s, not –es, is added to most verbs. INCORRECT: visites, speakes.

Many verbs end in –e. final –s is simply added.

2. PRONUNCIATION NOTE: Final –es is pronounced /and adds a syllable.*

3. If a word ends in consonant + -y, change the –y to –i and add –es.

(INCORRECT: flys) If a word ends in a vowel + -y, simply add –s.

(INCORRECT: paies or payes)

4. The singular forms of the verbs go, do, and have are irregular

C. Non-action Verbs

1. Some verbs are not used in progressive tenses. “non action verb.” The

express a situation that exists, not an action in progress.

2. Think and have can be used in the progressive. In : When think means

“believe,” it is non progressive.

3. In (g):In expressions where have does not mean “own” (e.g., have a good

rime, have a bad rime, have trouble, have a problem, have company, have an

operation), have can be used in the progressive.

D. Present Verbs: short answers to yes/no questions

1. Are they studying? No, they aren’t. ; Yes, they are (they’re) studying.

SINGULAR one, not two or more

PLURAL two, three, or more

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2. Are you studying? No, I’m not. ; no i’m not studying

3. Does Bob like tea? Yes, he does ; Yes, he likes tea

4. do you like a tea ? yes I do , yes I like a tea.

2.3.2 TES FORMATIF

A.Short answer to yes/no questions.

Directions: Complete the following dialogues by using the words in parentheses. Also give

short answer to the questions as necessary. Use the simple present or the present

progressive.

1. A: (Mary, have) a bicycle?

B: Yes, .She (have) a ten-speed

bike.

2. A: (it, rain) right now?

B: No, .At least, I (think, not) so.

3. A: (your friends, write) a lot of e-mails?

B: Yes, . I (get) lots of e-mails all

the time.

4. A: (the students, take) a test in class right now?

B: No, . They (do) an exercise.

5. A: (the weather, affect*) your mood?

B: Yes, . I (get) grumpy when it’s

rainy.

6. A: ( Jean, study) at the library this evening?

B: No, _____________________ . She (be) __________________ at the recreation

center.

She (play) _____________________ pool with her friend.

A: (Jean, play) _____________________ pool every morning?

B: No,_____________________ . She usually (study) _____________ at the library.

A: (She, be) _____________________ a good player?

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B: Yes,____________________. She

(play) _______________ pool a lot.

A: (You, play)________________ pool?

B: Yes, _____________________ . But I

(be, not)_______________ very good.

*The word affect is a verb: The weather

affect my mood.

The word effect is a noun: Warm, sunny weather has a good effect on my mood.

B. Error analysis: present verbs.

Directions: Correct the errors in verb tense usage.

(1) My friend Omar owns his own car now. It’s brand new.* Today he driving to a

small town north of the city to visit his aunt. He love to listen to music, so the CD player is

play one of his favorite CDs - loudly. Omar is very happy: he is drive his own car and listen

to loud music. He’s look forward to his visit with his aunt.

(2) Omar is visiting his aunt once a week. She’s elderly and live alone. She is

thinking Omar a wonderful nephew. She love his visits. He try to be helpful and considerate

in every way. His aunt don’t hearing well, so Omar is speaks loudly and clearly when he’s

with her.

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(3) When he’s there, he fix things for her around her apartment and help her with her

shopping. He isn’t staying for a few hours and then is heading back to the city. He kiss his

aunt good-bye and give her a hug before he is leaving. Omar is a very good nephew.

C. Progressive verbs vs. Non-action verbs.

Directions: Complete the sentences with the words in parentheses. Use the simple present or

the present progressive.

1. Right now I (look) _____________________ at the board. I (see)

_____________________ some words on the board.

2. A: (you, need) _____________________ some help, Mrs. Brown?

B: (you, want) _____________________ me to carry that box for you?

3. A: Who is that man? I (think) _____________________ that I (know)

_____________________ him, but I (forget) _____________________ his name.

B: That’s Mr. Martinez.

A: That’s right! I (remember) _____________________ him now.

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4. A: (you, believe) _____________________ in flying saucers?

B: What (you, talk) _____________________ about?

A: You know, spaceships from outer space with alien creatures abroad.

B: In my opinion, flying saucers (exist) _____________________ only in people’s

imaginations.

5. Right now the children (be) _____________________ at the beach. They (have)

_____________________ a good time. They (like) _____________________ to play

catch. Their parents (sunbath) _____________________. They (try)

_____________________ to get a tan. They (listen) _____________________ to

music on a radio. They also (hear) _____________________ the sound of seagulls

and the sound of waves.

6. A: What (you, think) _____________________ about right now ?

B: I (think) _____________________ about seagulls and waves.

A: (you, like) _____________________ seagulls ?

B: Yes. I (think) _____________________ seagulls are interesting birds.

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7. A: Which color (you, prefer) _____________________ , red or blue ?

B: I (like) _____________________ blue better than red. Why ?

A: I (read) _____________________ a magazine article right now. According to the

article, people who (prefer) _____________________ blue to red (be)

_____________________ cam and (value) _____________________ honesty and

loyalty in their friends. A preference for red (mean) _____________________ that a

person (be) _____________________ aggressive and (love)

_____________________ excitement.

B: Oh / That (sound) _____________________ like a bunch nonsense to me.

8. A: Does the earth turn around and around?

B: Yes, Jimmy. The earth (spin) ________________________ around and around on

its axis as it circles the sun. The earth (spin) __________________________

rapidly at this very moment.

B: Really? I can’t feel it moving. (you, try) ________________________ to fool me?

A: Of course not! (you, think, really,) _________________________________ that

the earth isn’t moving?

B: I guess so. Yes. I can’t see it move. Yes. It isn’t moving.

A: (you, believe) ___________________________ only those things that you can see?

Look at the trees out the window. All of them (grow) _______________ at this

very moment, but you can’t see the growth. They (get) _______________ bigger

and bigger with every second that passes. You can’t see the trees grow, and you

can’t feel the earth spin, but both events (take) ______________ place at this

moment while you and I (speak) _____________________

B: Really? How do you know?

2.3.3 Umpan balik

Score = Jumlah jawaban benar x 100/17.

2.3.4 Tindak lanjut

Jika score anda kurang dari 80 maka ulangi lagi memahami rangkuman, kerjakan semua

latihan, dan test formatif.

2.3.5 Kunci jawaban tes formatif.

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A.Short answer to yes/no questions.

1. Does mary have, she does, has

2. Is it raining, it isn’t, don’t think

3. Do your friends write, they do, get

4. Are the students taking, they aren’t, are doing

5. Does the weather affect, it does, get

6. Is Jean studying, she isn’t, is, is playing, Does Jean play, she doesn’t, studies, Is she,

she is, plays, Do you play, I do, am not

B. Error analysis: present verbs.

(1) My friend Omar owns his own car now. It’s brand new.* Today he is driving to

a small town north of the city to visit his aunt. He loves to listen to music, so the CD player is

playing one of his favorite CDs - loudly. Omar is very happy: he is driving his own car and

listening to loud music. He’s looking forward to his visit with his aunt.

(2) Omar visits his aunt once a week. She’s elderly and lives alone. She thinks

Omar a wonderful nephew. She loves his visits. He tries to be helpful and considerate in

every way. His aunt doesn’t hear well, so Omar is speaks loudly and clearly when he’s with

her.

(3) When he’s there, he fixes things for her around her apartment and help her with

her shopping. He doesn’t stay for a few hours and then is heading back to the city. He kisses

his aunt good-bye and gives her a hug before he leaves. Omar is a very good nephew.

C. Progressive verbs vs. Non-action verbs.

1. am looking, see

2. Do you need, Do you want

3. think, know, forget, remember

4. Do you believe, are you talking, exist

5. are, are having, have, are playing, like, are sunbathing, are trying, are

listening, hear

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6. are you thinking, am thinking, Do you like, think

7. do you prefer, like, am reading, prefer, are, value, means, is, loves, sounds

8. spins, is spinning, Are you trying, Do you really think, Do you believe, are

growing, are getting, are taking, are speaking

2.4 Referensi

Betty Schrampfer Azar, Fundamentals of English Grammar 3rd Edition, Longman, 2003. Chapter

1. Unit 1.4 – 1.7. Page 12-19.