CHAPTER 2

PAST TIMESimple Past Tense

Past Progressive Tense

SIMPLE PAST TENSE

It shows an action or state that began and ended at clear/specific time in the past.

E.g. John ate lunch at 1:00pm yesterday.

Simple Past TenseStructure

SUB + 2ND (V) + COMPLEMENT.Hamid went to university at 8:00am.

Did + Sub + Verb + Complement?Did Hamid go to university at 8:00am?

Sub + Did (not) + Verb + Complement.

Hamid didn’t go to university at 8:00am.

THE MAIN PARTS OF THE VERB

In English grammar, a verb has four main forms.

1. Simple form (speak) 2. Simple Past (spoke)3. Past Participle

(spoken)4. Present Participle

(speaking)

Regular Verbs Vs Irregular Verbs

1. Verbs that take d/ed for their past and past participle forms.

E.g. Cook, Work, Stress, Walk, Pound… Cooked, worked, stressed, walked and pounded...

REGULAR VERBS: PRONUNCIATION OF –ED ENDINGS

(a) talked = talk/t/ stopped = stop/t/

hissed = hiss/t/watched = watch/t/

washed = wash/t/

voiceless sound + -ed /t/examples:/k/,/p/,/s/,/ch/,/sh/

REGULAR VERBS: PRONUNCIATION OF –ED ENDINGS

(b) called = call/d/ rained = rain/d/

lived = live/d/robbed = rob/d/stayed = stay/d/

voiced sound + -ed /d/Examples: /l/,/n/,/v/,/b/,/y/

Irregular verbs

1. Verbs that do not take d/ed for their 2nd and 3rd forms.

Eat, ate, eaten. Break, broke, broken. Speak, spoke, spoken.

Spelling of (ING) and (ED) Forms

4. Verbs ending in single vowel followed by a single consonant

One Syllable

-Double the last consonant.

*Add (ed) e.g. Stopped

*Add (ing) e.g. Stopping

Two Syllables

-First Syllable Stress.

*Add (ed)

Open- Opened

*Add (ing)

Open - Opening

-Second Syllable Stress.

Double the last consonant

*Add (ed)

Admit-Admitted

*Add (ing)

Admit-Admitting

Spelling of (ING) and (ED) Forms

5. Verbs ending in (Y)

Followed by a vowel Followed by a consonant

-Add Only (ed)

E.g. Play-Played

-Add only (ing)

E.g. Play-Playing

*Change Y-to- i

Add (ed)

E.g. Cry-Cried

-Add only (ing)

E.g. Cry-Crying

6. Verbs ending (IE): Just Add (d), Change ie-Y and add (Ing)

e.g. Die- Died-Dying

PAST PROGRESSIVE TENSE

1. Shows an action that was in progress at specific time in the past.

E.g. I was waiting for you at 7:00pm yesterday.

2. Shows two actions that were in progress in the past and did not interrupt each other.

E.g. While I was cooking, Masood was making salad.

3. Shows that one action was in progress when the second action occurred.

E.g. When Ali came, the teacher was teaching.While the teacher was teaching, Ali came.

Past Progressive Tense Structure

SUB + WAS/WERE + V (ING) + COMPLEMENT

Frishta was cleaning her room at 10:00 o’clock.

WAS/WERE + SUB + V (ING) + COMPLEMENT?

Was Frishta cleaning her room at 10:00 o’clock?

SUB + WAS/WERE (NOT) + V (ING) +COMPLEMENT.

Frishta was not cleaning her room at 10:00 o’clock.

USED TO

It is an expression. It expresses a past situation or

habit that no longer exists at present.

E.g. Khalid used to be our classmate. E.g. Did Khalid use to be our

classmate?

*We use it only in the past.*We use base form of the verb after used to.

THE END