chapter 2 part 2 ppt

Medical Language, 1eSusan Turley

Copyright ©2007 by Pearson Education, Inc.Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458

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Medical Language

Chapter 2 – Part 2

The Body in Health and Disease

Janie Best, RN, MSN, APRN, BC




The Body in Disease• The goal of preventive medicine is to keep a

person in a state of health and prevent the occurrence of disease

• A significant portion of medical language deals with diseases and how they are diagnosed and treated

• Disease is any change in the normal structure or function of the body

• The cause or origin of a disease is known as the etiology

• Diseases can be divided into several different categories based on their etiology




Onset, Course, and Outcome of Disease

• The onset of a disease is made evident by symptoms and/or signs

• A symptom is any deviation from health that can only be perceived or felt by the patient

• When a symptom has a physical manifestation that can be detected by others, it is known as a sign

• Symptomatology is the clinical picture of all the patient's symptoms and signs

• A syndrome is a set of symptoms and signs associated with and characteristic of one particular disease




Onset, Course, and Outcome of Disease (cont’d)

• To fully understand the patient's symptoms, the physician takes a history and performs a physical examination

• For the history of the present illness, the physician asks the patient in detail about the location, onset, duration, and severity of the symptoms

• The physician also asks about the patient's past medical history, past surgical history, family history, social history, and history of allergies to drugs





• After taking the patient's history, the physician performs a physical examination to look for signs of disease

• The physician uses the following techniques (as needed) during the physical examination: inspection, palpation, auscultation, and percussion

• After taking the patient's history and performing the physical examination, the physician may be able to make a diagnosis




Figure 2-24 Inspection. This physician is using a lighted instrument to illuminate the patient’s internal ear canal.

(S. O’Brien/Custom Medical Stock Photo, Inc.)




Figure 2-25 Auscultation. This nurse is using a stethoscope to listen to this child’s breathing. (Corbis Royalty Free)





• Diagnosis• Symptoms and signs

Acute Subacute Chronic





• Exacerbation• Sequela• Remission • Relapse or recurrence





• The predicted outcome of a disease is known as the prognosis

• The course of a disease can have one of three outcomes Recuperation or recovery Disability Terminal Illness

• The course and outcome of a disease can be affected by treatment





• Prescriptions• Therapeutic treatment • Refractary to treatment• Surgery




Common Abbreviations in the Medical Record

• A & P anatomy and physiology• AP anteroposterior• CV cardiovascular• Dx diagnosis• ED emergency department• H & P history and physical examination• Hx history• PA posteroanterior• Sx symptoms• Tx treatment




WORD ALERT

• Some abbreviations have different meanings PA physician’s assistant PA posterior anterior x-ray

• VERIFY meaning




It’s Greek to Me

Intestin/o-

Nerv/o-

Integument/o-

Enter/o-

Neur/o-

Dermat/o-

Intestine

Nerve

skin

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chapter 2 part 2 ppt

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