chapter 2 first civilizations: africa & asia 3200 b.c.-500 b.c. section 1: ancient kingdoms of...

Chapter 2 First Civilizations: Africa & Asia

3200 B.C.-500 B.C.

Section 1: Ancient Kingdoms of the Nile

Section 2: Egyptian Civilization

Section 3: City-States of Ancient Sumer

Section 4: Invaders, traders, & Empire Builders

Section 5: The Roots of Judaism


Summary:Historians split ancient Egyptian history into 3 periods

1.) The Old Kingdom

2.) The______Kingdom

3.) The New Kingdom


One of the earliest civilizations arose in Egypt about 5,000 years ago

Since most of Egypt is desert, people settled along the _______River


The fertile soil of the Nile Valley produced good crops

Yearly floods soaked the land and deposited rich soil (________)

The river also served as a highway for travel by boat


The Egyptian ruler was called a ___________

After the death of a ____________, power usually passed to another member of his family

These ruling families were called ____________


The 3 periods of Egyptian history are the:

1.) Old Kingdom (2700 B.C.-2200 B.C.)

2.) Middle Kingdom (2050 B.C.-1800 B.C.)

3.) New Kingdom (1550 B.C.-1100 B.C.)


During the Old Kingdom, the Pharaohs created a strong government

They also built giant ___________________ are massive burial tombs that took many years and millions of stone blocks to build


The Middle Kingdom was a troubled period

The Nile did not ________ regularly, so in many years crops did not grow

Although, Egypt conquered many lands, rebellion was common


Then invaders called the __________, defeated the Pharaoh’s army and gained control of Egypt


The New Kingdom began over a hundred years later when the Egyptians drove out the Hyksos

Powerful Pharaoh’s created a large empire that reached the ________________ river


Egypt traded with Asia and AfricaTrade and warfare spread Egyptian culture to other countries

In return, those places gave Egyptians new ideas


Old Kingdom (2700 B.C.-2200 B.C.)

Pharaoh’s organize strong government ق

Egyptians believe Pharaoh is a god أل

Old Kingdom is known as Pyramid Age ي

Egyptians build giant pyramids at غ_______


Middle Kingdom (2050 B.C.-1800 B.C.)

Egyptians suffer food shortages ق

People rebel أل

Hyksos conquer Egypt ي


New Kingdom (1550 B.C.-1100 B.C.)

Powerful Pharaoh’s build large empire ق

Hatshepsut becomes________ ألPharaoh;

Encourages trade

Ramese II conquers Palestine & Syria ي

Egyptian power begins to decline غ


Summary: Ancient Egypt was an advanced society where people were divided into classes


Religion was an important part of everyday life in Egypt

Egyptians believed and many gods and goddesses (____________)

They also believed in life after death


They prepared their dead for the afterlife through a preservation process called _______________

The mummies of some Pharaoh’s were buried in pyramids


Egyptian society had its own class system

Egyptians believed that the Pharaoh was both _______and a king

He had the highest position in society


Next where the priests, who served the gods and the goddesses

Near the bottom was the biggest group, the peasant farmers

Beneath the peasants were the slaves


Women in ancient Egyptian society had more freedom than in any other ancient civilization

For example, at different times Egypt was ruled by women:

1.) Hatshepsut

2.) Cleopatra


The Egyptians made many advances in learning and art

In medicine, they learned to cure many illnesses and to perform surgery

Egyptians developed a calendar very similar to the one we use today

They also created picture writing called ______________


Egyptian temples and monuments have survived thousands of years

Egyptian statues and paintings show daily life, ceremonies, and military victories


Pharaoh

Priests & Priestesses

Nobles

Craftspeople & Merchants

Peasant Farmers

Slaves


Summary:The fertile land between the _________ and Euphrates Rivers supported the development of Sumerian civilization


Geography helps explain the rise of civilization in the Middle East

Like the _____River in Egypt, the _______and________Rivers made the land around them fertile


Tigris

&

Euphrates


This region was called the ______________because of the good farmland curved in the shape of a crescent

The land between the rivers was called _____________


By 5,000 years ago, villages along the Tigris and Euphrates had grown into busy cities

These ___________made up the civilization of Sumer


Different ___________ fought each other for land and water

During the fighting, people turned to powerful war leaders to protect them

Over time, leadership passed down within the war leaders families, and social classes developed


Like Egyptians, the Sumerians made important contributions to the world

They built the first ________ vehicles

Systems of ditches and canals provided flood protection and water for crops


The Sumerians were the first people to write

They used wedge-shaped writing called ___________ to record information as early as 3200 B.C.


Sumerians developed algebra and __________

By studying the sun and the moon, the Sumerians invented an accurate __________


Later on, invaders conquered the Sumerians

The conquerors adopted many of the Sumerian ideas and passed them on to later civilizations


Summary:Strong rulers united the lands of the _____________into well-organized empires


Many groups invaded and conquered the civilizations of the _______________

Some invaders destroyed the ____________

Others stayed to rule


Some of these rulers created large, well-organized ___________

_______________are a group of territories under the control of one ruler or government


One powerful ruler was ________ ____________ ___ ___________

Around 1790 B.C., ____________ put together a set of laws, called the _______________

The _________________was the first major collection of laws in history


Another important ruler was

__________ of __________

In 522 B.C., _________controlled an empire that stretched from ________to _________


Empire of Darius of Persia


Darius divided his empire into ________, or locally controlled regions

Later rulers used his ideas about government


Different groups of people met in the crossroads of the Fertile Crescent

Many groups made advances in technology and ideas

For example, ___________developed the first real ___________to record their trades


Through warfare and trade, ideas and technology spread

As time passed, the contributions of people who lived in the Fertile Crescent reached all the way to India and Europe


Civilization: Dates: Achievements:

Babylonians 1790 B.C. Code of Hammurabi

Hittites 1400 B.C. Forged iron tools and weapons

Assyrians 1100 B.C. First libraries

Persians 539 B.C. -Conquered large empire

-Improved trade by using coins & standard measures

Phoenicians 600 B.C. Created first alphabet


Summary:The Jewish religion was unique in the ancient world because it was ______________(belief in 1 God)


The ___________were one of the groups that lived in the ______________

The ______recorded their history in a sacred book called the _______


According to the Torah, God made a covenant, or binding agreement, with Abraham to be the God of the Hebrews


Later the Egyptian Pharaoh made slaves of the Hebrews

Moses helped the Hebrews escapeFor forty years they wandered in the desert

– Finally they set up the kingdom of Israel, with Jerusalem as its capital

– The Hebrews believed that God had promised them this land

– Later the kingdom split apart, and both sections were conquered


In time, Hebrew beliefs evolved into the religion we know today as ___________

__________ was different from the other ancient religions

Other religions believed in many gods

___________ was_____________, teaching a belief in one God


The ___________ also believed that God had chosen them as His people

The laws of Judaism are called the_____________________

They describe how people should behave toward God and toward each other


Often in Jewish history, there were ___________, or spiritual leaders, who explained God’s will

The ___________ taught about moral standards and justice

For example, powerful people should protect the weak

___________ also taught that all people were equal before God


Prophets

Torah

10Commandments

ChosenPeople

Covenant

1 God

Judaism

chapter 2 first civilizations: africa & asia 3200 b.c.-500 b.c. section 1: ancient kingdoms of...

Documents

nile section

ancient kingdoms

nile egypt

nile new kingdom

nile old kingdom

new kingdom slide

nile middle kingdom

egyptian civilization