Chapter 2: Chemical Basis of

Life Part I: Structure of Matter

Structure of Matter• Biochemistry

• Matter

• Elements

• Compounds

Structure of Matter

• Bulk elements-

• Trace elements-

• Ultratrace elements-

Atomic Structure

• Atoms

• Nucleus

• Electrons

• Protons

• Neutrons Fig. 2.1

Atomic Structure

●Atomic Number

● Atomic Mass (Weight)

Isotopes

• Isotopes

– Stable Isotopes

– Unstable Isotopes• O, I, Fe, P, Co

• Radiation (α,β,γ)

Molecules and Compounds

• Molecule

• Molecular Formula

• Compound

Fig. 2.2

Bonding of Atoms• Bonds

• Electron Shells

Fig. 2.3

Bonding of Atoms• All atoms want to be stable, meaning…

– Octet Rule

– Inert atoms

Bonding of Atoms• Ions

• Cation

• Anion

• Ionic Bonds

Fig. 2.4

Fig. 2.4

Bonding of Atoms

• Covalent Bond

Fig. 2.5

Bonding of Atoms

Bonding of Atoms

• Structural Formulas

Bonding of Atoms

• Polar

• Hydrogen Bonds

Figure 2.8

Clinical App. 2.1: Radioactive Isotopes Reveal Physiology

• Iodine-131– 1. – 2. – 3.

• Thallium-201– 1. – 2.

• Cobalt-60– 1. – 2.